Accidents and violence in childhood: survey evidence of emergency care for external causes - Brazil, 2009

Compreender as características e a magnitude das causas externas (acidentes e violência) em crianças de 0 a 9 anos de idade torna-se cada vez mais importante em Saúde Pública. O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar os atendimentos de emergência por causas externas em crianças. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes em Serviços Sentinelas de Urgência e Emergência (Inquérito VIVA), realizado em 74 serviços de urgência do Distrito Federal e 23 capitais no ano 2009. Analisaram-se dados de 7.123 crianças: 6.897 (96,7%) vítimas de acidentes e 226 (3,3%) de violência. Em comparação às vítimas de violência, os atendimentos por acidentes foram mais frequentes entre crianças de 2 a 5 anos, de pele branca e ocorridos no domicílio (p < 0,05). Dentre os acidentes, as quedas e queimaduras predominaram no grupo de 0 a 1 ano, enquanto os acidentes de transporte foram mais frequentes no grupo de 6 a 9 anos (p < 0,001). Quanto às violências, atendimentos por negligência e agressão física predominaram, respectivamente, nos grupos extremos de faixa etária, sendo um familiar identificado como agressor (p < 0,001). Informações sobre ocorrência de causas externas em crianças podem apoiar políticas de promoção da saúde, além de orientar profissionais de saúde, educadores e famílias na prevenção destas causas.Understanding the characteristics and magnitude of accidents and violence due to external causes in children from 0 to 9 years of age is becoming ever more important in Public Health. The scope of this paper was to analyze emergency care for accidents due to external causes in children. The Sentinel Urgency and Emergency Services of the Violence and Accident Vigilance System (VIVA Survey), performed in 74 urgency services in the Federal District and 23 State capitals in 2009 was used. Data of 7,123 children were analyzed: 6,897 (96.7%) victims of accidents and 226 (3.3%) of violence. In comparison with victims of violence, the visits for accidents were more frequent among white children from 2 to 5 years old occurring in the home (p &lt; 0.05). Among the accidents, falls and burns predominated in the 0 to 1group, while traffic accidents were most frequent in the 6 to 9-year-old age group (p < 0.001). With respect to violence, the visits for neglect and physical assault predominated, respectively, in extreme age groups, with someone in the family being the perpetrator (p < 0.001). Information on the occurrence of external causes in children may support health promotion policies, besides guiding health professionals, teachers and families in the prevention of such causes

Accidents by external causes in adolescents: care in sentinel urgency and emergency services in the Brazilian State Capitals-2009

Adolescents are seeking new references and experiences, which may involve attitudes of risk and exposure to accidents and violence from external causes. These events constitute a serious Public Health problem. The scope of this study was to analyze the occurrence of accidents by external causes in adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age attended at sentinel urgency and emergency services in Brazil. Data from the 2009 Surveillance System for Violence and Accidents (VIVA 2009) was analyzed in 74 emergency units in 23 state capitals and the Federal District. The findings revealed that 6,434 adolescents (89.8%) were victims of accidents and 730 (10.2 %) were victims of violence. The main causes of the accidents were falls and traffic accidents, and assaults were predominant in violence. For both accidents and violence, non-white male adolescents were predominant and the events occurred most frequently on the public highways. A marked increase was detected, with hospitalization of victims of violence between 15 and 19 years of age. Understanding the epidemiological reality of external causes among adolescents represents an important tool for health prevention and promotion policies and the culture of peace seeking to reduce morbidity and mortality

Perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos de emergência por lesões bucodentais decorrentes de causas externas, Brasil, 2006 e 2007

As lesões por causas externas (acidentes e violências) ocupam lugar de destaque no cenário epidemiológico atual. A região da cabeça e face corresponde a um dos principais sítios de lesões por causas externas, principalmente as lesões bucodentais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o perfil epidemiológico dos atendimentos de emergência por lesões bucodentais decorrentes de causas externas. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes (VIVA) nos anos 2006 e 2007. Registraram-se 106.075 atendimentos de emergência por causas externas, dos quais 939 (~1%) apresentavam lesões bucodentais. Predominaram os homens (65,5%), crianças < 10 anos (44,3%), pessoas de cor de pele negra (66%) e com baixo nível de escolaridade (45,9%). Os locais de maior ocorrência foram residência (48,3%) e via pública (30%). Predominaram lesões do tipo corte/perfuração (63,3%), atendimentos por quedas (43%), acidentes de transporte (19,9%) e agressão física (13%)

Association between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients with lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed at validating the associations between the consumption of antioxidant nutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study included 327 adolescents aged 14-19 years. Sociodemographic and dietary information, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and biochemical data were obtained. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated by aggregating the risk factors, which were expressed as the sum of Z-scores. Poisson regression was performed to estimate the prevalence ratios. Results In boys, low intake of zinc was associated with elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whereas it was associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels in girls, thus indicating a cardiometabolic risk. Furthermore, low intake of copper was associated with high triglyceride levels and cardiometabolic risk in girls. The high prevalence ratios of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels and cardiometabolic risk were higher in those with low intake of vitamin A. Among girls, associations were also observed between lower intake of vitamin A and high triglyceride levels. Low intake of vitamin C among boys was associated with elevated high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Among girls, the intake of this vitamin was associated with lower low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In girls, low intake of vitamin E was associated with low low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and high total cholesterol levels. Conclusion The associations between antioxidant micronutrients as well as lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk emphasize the importance of encouraging the consumption of foods that are rich in these nutrients to modulate lipid alterations and cardiometabolic risk.</p></div

Propensity of mortality from external causes in the state Piauí, Brazil 2001 – 2012

Objective: To analyze the trend of mortality from external causes in the State of Piauí from 2001 to 2012. Methodology: descriptive, exploratory and quantitative study. The System databases used were Mortality Information of the Ministry of Health, available on the website of the Department of the Unified Health System Information. Results: There were 19,725 deaths, highlighting the male (82.8%), aged 20-39 years (46.3%), marital status: single (51%), of brown ethnicity (66.2%), and education from 4 to 7 years (26.3%). The men, aged 20 to 29 years (29.7%). The women, aged 60 and over (25.5%). The standardized mortality rate increased (74.6 / 100 000 inhabitants) in 2012. Conclusion: External causes affecting especially the younger population. Transport accidents and assaults accounted for the main specific causes of death. It is necessary to develop educational activities for greater emphasis on reducing mortality and more effective public policies.&nbsp

Características y factores asociados con caídas atendidas en servicios de emergencia

OBJETIVO: Analisar as características dos atendimentos decorrentes de quedas em serviços de urgência e emergência e identificar fatores associados.\ud MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 12.617 atendimentos decorrentes de quedas registrados no Sistema de Vigilância de Violências e Acidentes, coletados em 23 capitais e Distrito Federal, de setembro a novembro de 2009, por meio de uma amostra por conglomerado. Foi utilizada a técnica de análise de correspondência, por permitir a observação conjunta de um grande número de variáveis qualitativas.\ud RESULTADOS: A maior parte das vítimas foi do sexo masculino (56,5%), faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos (45,7%) e declarados não brancos (62,2%). A maioria das quedas ocorreu na residência (54,6%) e via pública (17,4%); 14,3% foram relacionadas ao trabalho. Os tipos predominantes foram "queda no mesmo nível" (57,0%) e "queda de escada/degrau" (15,6%). A maioria das lesões foi classificada como entorse, luxação, contusão, corte e laceração (68,3%). Quedas dentre as crianças associaram-se à ocorrência na residência; com os adolescentes na escola; e jovens na prática esportiva. Quedas em adultos estiveram associadas ao local de trabalho, queda de andaimes, telhados, escada/degrau e buracos e uso de álcool. As quedas no mesmo nível resultaram em lesões de menor gravidade, em membros inferiores e superiores, e as quedas de andaime e telhado se associaram com lesões de maior gravidade e internações.\ud CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram que estratégias para a prevenção das quedas devem ser implantadas particularmente em residências, escolas e ambientes de trabalho.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of visits to the emergency services that result from falls and to identify the factors associated with these visits. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 12,617 visits that resulted from falls, recorded in the National Injury Surveillance System, was carried out. The data were collected in 23 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District between September and November 2009 using cluster sampling. Correspondence analysis was used, which allowed for the joint observation of a large number of qualitative variables. RESULTS: Most of the victims were male (56.5%), aged 0 to 19 years (45.7%), and identified as non-white skin color (62.2%). The majority of the falls occurred at home (54.6%) and in the street (17.4%); 14.3% were work-related. The predominant types were "falls on the same level" (57.0%) and "falls from a ladder/step" (15.6%). Most of the injuries were classified as sprains, dislocations, bruises, cuts, or lacerations (68.3%). Falls among children occurred mostly at home; among adolescents at school; and among young people at sports facilities. Falls among adults were associated with the work place, including falls from scaffolding, roofs, stairs/steps, and holes and were linked to alcohol use. Falls on the same level resulted in less serious injuries, mostly on the upper and lower limbs, and falls from scaffolding and roofs were associated with more severe injuries and hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that strategies to prevent falls should target residences, schools, and work environments.OBJETIVO: Objetivo: Analizar las características de las atenciones realizadas por caídas en servicios de urgencia y emergencia e identificar factores asociados.\ud MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 12.617 atenciones realizadas por caídas registradas en el Sistema de Vigilancia de Violencias y Accidentes, colectadas en 23 Capitales y Distrito Federal de Brasil, de septiembre a noviembre de 2009 por medio de una muestra por conglomerado. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de correspondencia, por permitir un análisis conjunto de un gran número de variables cualitativas.\ud RESULTADOS: La mayor parte de las víctimas fue del sexo masculino (56,5%), grupo de 0 a 19 años (45,7%) y declarados no blancos (62,2%). La mayoría de las caídas ocurrió en la residencia (54,6%) y vía pública (17,4%); 14,3% fueron relacionadas con el trabajo. Los tipos predominantes fueron "caída en el mismo nivel" (57,0%) y "caída de escalera/escalón" (15,6%). La mayoría de las lesiones fue clasificada como esguince, luxación, contusión, corte y laceración (68,3%). Caídas entre los niños se asociaron con la residencia, en los adolescentes con la escuela, y en jóvenes con la práctica deportiva. Caídas en adultos estuvieron asociadas con el lugar de trabajo, caída de andamios, tejados, escalera/escalón y huecos y uso de alcohol. Las caídas en el mismo nivel resultaron en lesiones de menor gravedad, en miembros inferiores y superiores y las caídas de andamio y tejado se asociaron con lesiones de mayor gravedad e internaciones.\ud CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados muestran que estrategias para la prevención de las caídas deben ser implantadas particularmente en residencias, escuelas y ambientes de trabajo