Learning from expository text in L2 reading: Memory for casual relations and L2 reading proficiency

This study explored the relation between second-language (L2) readers’ memory for causal relations and their learning outcomes from expository text. Japanese students of English as a foreign language (EFL) with high and low L2 reading proficiency read an expository text. They completed a causal question and a problem-solving test as measures of memory for causal relations and learning from the text, respectively. It was found that memory for causal relations contributed to text learning in high-proficiency readers, but not in low-proficiency readers. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of causal question answers revealed that low-proficiency readers recalled fewer causal relations and made more incorrect inferences than high-proficiency ones. Additionally, low-proficiency readers tended to perform the problem solving using inappropriate causal sequences and irrelevant information. These findings suggest that low-proficiency readers struggled with processes at both textbase and situation-model levels; consequently, they failed to learn causal relations in the text as knowledge

日本人英語学習者による因果関係の理解とテキストからの学習

この博士論文は全文公表に適さないやむを得ない事由があり要約のみを公表していましたが、解消したため、令和02(2020)年4月15日に全文を公表しました。筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

日本人英語学習者による因果関係の理解とテキストからの学習

筑波大学 (University of Tsukuba)201

Prevention of hypoglycemia by intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring device combined with structured education in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus : A randomized, crossover trial

Aims: We conducted a randomized, crossover trial to compare intermittent-scanning continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) device with structured education (Intervention) to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (Control) in the reduction of time below range. Methods: This crossover trial involved 104 adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using multiple daily injections. Participants were randomly allocated to either sequence Intervention/Control or sequence Control/Intervention. During the Intervention period which lasted 84 days, participants used the first-generation FreeStyle Libre (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA, USA) and received structured education on how to prevent hypoglycemia based on the trend arrow and by frequent sensor scanning (≥10 times a day). Confirmatory SMBG was conducted before dosing insulin. The Control period lasted 84 days. The primary endpoint was the decrease in the time below range (TBR; <70 mg/dL). Results: The time below range was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm compared to the Control arm (2.42 ± 1.68 h/day [10.1 %±7.0 %] vs 3.10 ± 2.28 h/day [12.9 %±9.5 %], P = 0.012). The ratio of high-risk participants with low blood glucose index >5 was significantly reduced (8.6 % vs 23.7 %, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of isCGM combined with structured education significantly reduced the time below range in patients with T1DM

Earthquake Strain Measurements in the ERI Main Building. : Part 1.

In order to investigate the earthquake response of buildings, the measurement of strains and stresses in the ERI main building during an earthquake was scheduled in 1962 and started to operate in 1963. During the construction of the building 29 strain meters were installed in the reinforced concrete columns and girders to detect the earthquake strains in concrete and in reinforcing bars, and 21 earth pressure meters were installed at each footing to measure the earth pressure during an earthquake. The outline of the building and the instrumentation are described, and some records are illustrated and compared with computed values.地震研究所本館(鉄筋コンクリート造地上5階地下1階)が新築される際(1962～1965)骨組のなかに歪計・応力計・土圧計などを埋設して地震時の動的な歪や応力を測定する計画が立てられた.埋設された歪計の類はすべてカールソン式のもので,鉄筋コソクリート骨組内の鉄筋およびコンクリートの歪測定用が29個,コンクリート応力測定用2個,基礎底面の土圧測定用21個, 3階と4階の相対変位測定用の継目計2個である. (Figs. 1, 2および6参照