The differences in AEP (Auditory Evoked Potentials) and SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potentials) between epileptics and normal subjects

152 epileptics (male: 92, female: 60) and 200 normal subjects (100 of each sexes) were compared on AEP (Auditory Evoked Potential) and SEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potential), which were recorded through monopolar and bipolar derivations. The latencies and interpeak amplitudes of AEPs and VEPs were tested statistically by ANCOV A excluding the influence of age and drugs had been administered. The following results were obtained. 1. In AEPs, the latencies in epileptics were significantly longer compared with healthy subjects. These tendencies were more marked in short and middle latency components in males, but more marked in late components in females. 2. Interpeak amplitudes of AEP were relatively smaller in epileptics compared with healthy subjects. 3. In SEPs, the latencies were significantly longer in epileptics compared with healthy subjects. These tendencies were more marked in females. 4. There was no consistent tendency in interpeak amplitudes of SEP between epileptics and normal subjects in both sexes, but the interpeak amplitudes between predominant components were smaller in epileptics than normal subjects. 5. In epileptics, between the subjects had been administered the drug (each of CBZ, PB, VPA or PHT) or not, significant differences in latencies and interpeak amplitudes were not confirmed with the components significantly different in latencies and amplitudes between epileptics and healthy subjects were found. We verified the significant differences in AEP and SEP between epileptics and healthy subjects excluding the influences of age and drugs, even not considering the seizure types nor epileptic focus sites. It was supposed the disturbance in auditory and somatosensory pathway up to cortex in the central nervous system in epileptics

A Comparison of Physical vs. Nonphysical Wedge Modalities in Radiotherapy

This chapter discusses the clinical application and implementation of wedge techniques in radiation therapy. Coverage of the target region with a curative dose is critical for treating several cancer types; to that end, wedge filters are commonly used to improve dose uniformity to the target volume. Initially, wedges designed for this purpose were physical and were made of high-density materials such as lead or steel. Subsequently, nonphysical wedges were introduced; these improved the dose uniformity using computer systems in lieu of physical materials. As wedge systems evolve, however, they each continue to have their advantages and disadvantages. When using physical wedges, it is difficult to control the generation of secondary radiation resulting from the collision of the radiation beam with the wedge body; conversely, nonphysical wedges do not create any secondary radiation because there is no physical interference with the beam. On the other hand, nonphysical wedges are less suitable for treating moving tumors, such as those in the lung, and physical wedges have better dose coverage to the target volume than nonphysical wedges. This chapter aims to guide decision-making regarding the choice of wedge types in various clinical situations

24- and 120-chanell transmultiplexers built with new digital signal processing LSI\u27s

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科情報システム金沢大学工学部Two new digital transmultiplexers intended for commerical use have been developed. One transmultiplexer performs a bilateral conversion between two 12-channel FDM group signals and a 24-channel PCM carrier signal. The other mutually connects two 60-channel FDM supergroup signals and five 24-channel or four 30-channel PCM signals. Both exploit a block processing digital SSB-FDM multiplex/demultiplex scheme employing a cascade of an FFT processor and a set of complex coefficient digital filters. They have been built using newly developed high-level DSP LSI chips. Algorithmic considerations, developed LSI architecture, and equipment configuration are described as well as digital processor design details and measured performance

The differences in VEP (Visual Evoked Potentials) between epileptics and normal subjects

The differences between epileptics and healthy subjects on the visual evoked potential (VEP) were studied. VEPs were recorded through the two derivations (2 ch : O 1→A 1+2, 5 ch : O 1→Cz). The differences in the latencies and interpeak amplitudes were compared and tested statistically, respectively for each sex, with special reference to the drugs been administered. 1. The latencies of VEP components in epileptics were longer than those in healthy subjects, in both sexes. 2. Interpeak amplitudes of VEP components in epileptics were smaller than those in healthy subjects, especially in late components, in both sexes. 3. These tendencies were more marked in males than in females. 4. In epileptics, between the subjects being administered each drug (CBZ, PB, VPA or PHT) or not, significant differences in latencies and intrerpeak amplitudes were not confirmed, with the components in which significant differences in latencies and amplitudes between epileptics and healthy subjects were found. We verified the significant differences in VEPs between epileptics and healthy subjects, which suggested the dysfunction in epileptics in its brain stem and lateral geniculate body, even not considering the seizure types nor epileptic focus sites

プロサッカーリーグにおける得点機会獲得のための攻撃プレーの分析 : パスプレーに着目して

In football it is necessary to score more goals than one’s opponents in order to win the game. One strategy for gaining goals and scoring opportunities is attacking through the gap between an opposing defender (DF) and a midfielder (MF) (the DF-MF gap). However, research on this form of attack has revealed that it is merely more likely to lead to scoring and scoring opportunities than other forms of attack. In the present study, therefore, through a comparison between the Japanese J League (JL) and the German Bundesliga (BL), we examined the features of DF-MF attack play in the JL and BL and differences between them, in order to clarify the challenges in the JL for creating scoring opportunities. We determined the number of passes into the DF-MF gap, the number of passes from players receiving the ball in the DF-MF gap, and the relationship between receiving the ball in the DF-MF gap and the opposing DF. The sample used for analysis was a total of 40 games: 20 in the JL (2015 season) and 20 in the BL (2015/2016 season). For statistical analysis, independent t test and chi-squared test were conducted. In comparison to the BL, the rate of penetration into the DF-MF gap was lower in the JL. In addition, it became clear that in the JL there was a lower proportion of scoring opportunities such as penetration into the PA and shots when penetrating into the DF-MF gap than was the case in the BL. This was considered to be due to the fact that in the JL, the number of balls received in the DF-MF gap in the direction of goal was lower than that in the BL. Furthermore, in the JL, when the ball was received in the DF-MF gap, the proportion of moves defended from the opponent goal side was higher than in the BL, suggesting a problem in how the ball is received. These findings suggest that in the JL it is necessary to increase the opportunity for scoring by making it easier for the ball to advance in a goalward direction by receiving the ball when separated from the opponent DF