Exploring the Base of the Volcano: A Case Study of an Active Stratovolcano, Mt. Zao, NE Japan

It is very important to explore the base of large volcanoes because older volcanoes with distinct petrological characteristics are sometimes hidden behind them. Such older volcanoes provide keys to investigate the change of magma genesis and tectonic setting during geological time. We newly found an older volcano in southern part of Zao volcano, located in Japan. We have investigated in detail the eruptive products outcropping in its southern part and found that some eruptive rocks with peculiar features form a new stratovolcano which is different from Zao volcano. We call this newly found volcano, the Hiyamizuyama volcano. We have performed K-Ar dating on the representative rocks, obtaining an old age of approximately 1.45 My. The rocks are calcalkaline andesites to dacites, having distinct chemical compositional features with respect to any other calcalkaline rock of the stages 2–6 of Zao volcano. Megacrystals and plutonic intrusions represent a distinct character of the eruptive rocks of the Hiyamizuyama volcano. The finding of this older volcano is also important in order to consider the long-term temporal variation of volcanism and magmatism in the northeastern sector of Japan

Derivation of classical capacity of quantum channel for discrete information source

In this letter, we prove that the classical capacity of quantum channel for $M$ symmetric states is achieved by an uniform distribution on a priori probabilities. We also investigate non-symmetric cases such as a ternary amplitude shift keyed signal set and a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated signal set in coherent states.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, 3 figures(EPSF

Accessible information and optimal strategies for real symmetrical quantum sources

We study the problem of optimizing the Shannon mutual information for sources of real quantum states i.e. sources for which there is a basis in which all the states have only real components. We consider in detail the sources ${\cal E}_M$ of $M$ equiprobable qubit states lying symmetrically around the great circle of real states on the Bloch sphere and give a variety of explicit optimal strategies. We also consider general real group-covariant sources for which the group acts irreducibly on the subset of all real states and prove the existence of a real group-covariant optimal strategy, extending a theorem of Davies (E. B. Davies, IEEE. Inf. Theory {\bf IT-24}, 596 (1978)). Finally we propose an optical scheme to implement our optimal strategies, enough simple to be realized with present technology.Comment: RevTeX, 16 pages, 4 eps figures with psfig, submitted to Phys. Rev. A, corrected output error of Fig. 1 in the previous versio

From magma source to volcanic sink under Tagoro Volcano (El hierro, Canary Islands): Petrologic, Geochemical and Physiographic Evolution of the 2011-2012 Submarine Eruption

Active volcanoes are key laboratories to carry out detailed research -and monitoring- about the history of magmas before, during and after eruptions. Tagoro, the submarine active vol- cano at El Hierro Island (Canary archipelago), is a highly favorable case to assess and monitor its daily ongoing behaviour, as well as to study the links between the processes of magma genesis occurring at depth and their derived eruptive events at the surface. In this interdisciplinary research we combine new results of classical petrology (petrography, geochemistry, and thermodynamics) on the volcanic products expelled by Tagoro during the 2011–2012 eruption, with a high- resolution (5 m grid) bathymetry model car- ried out during 2017, and recent data from magnetometry, to refine the current knowl- edge of this eruption. Our results mainly reveal (i) slight magma differentiation and mixing processes at c. 12 km depth during a continuous eruptive pulse; (ii) a similar mag- matic evolution and residence times at depth between previous and 2011–2012 eruptions on the island; (iii) an insignificant interaction of external fluids with the magma at depth or within the ascent conduit; (iv) a present-day magnetometric anomaly under the Tagoro’s area; (v) a minimum volume estimate for the magma withdrawn from the plumbing system at depth.MINECO and FEDER: VULCANO I (CTM2012-36317). Instituto Español de Oceanografía.VULCANA (Vulcana IEO-2015-2017). Instituto Español de OceanografíaMINECO AND MEC. EXPLORA-CIENCIA (CGL2014—61775-EXP)MINECO AND MEC. EXPLORA-CIENCIA (CAS14-00189; MEC)Programa Propio mod. 1B— 2019 (USAL)EC Grant EVE (DG ECHO H2020 826292)PhD grant “Programa Propio III Universidad de Salamanca, cofounded by Banco de Santander”The PTI VOLCAN research initiatives.Peer reviewe

Nationwide surveillance of bacterial respiratory pathogens conducted by the surveillance committee of Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and the Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010: General view of the pathogens\u27 antibacterial susceptibility

The nationwide surveillance on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory pathogens from patients in Japan, was conducted by Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases and Japanese Society for Clinical Microbiology in 2010.The isolates were collected from clinical specimens obtained from well-diagnosed adult patients with respiratory tract infections during the period from January and April 2010 by three societies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted at the central reference laboratory according to the method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institutes using maximum 45 antibacterial agents.Susceptibility testing was evaluable with 954 strains (206 Staphylococcus aureus, 189 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 4 Streptococcus pyogenes, 182 Haemophilus influenzae, 74 Moraxella catarrhalis, 139 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 160 Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ratio of methicillin-resistant S.aureus was as high as 50.5%, and those of penicillin-intermediate and -resistant S.pneumoniae were 1.1% and 0.0%, respectively. Among H.influenzae, 17.6% of them were found to be β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-intermediately resistant, 33.5% to be β-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-resistant and 11.0% to be β-lactamase-producing ABPC-resistant strains. Extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing K.pneumoniae and multi-drug resistant P.aeruginosa with metallo β-lactamase were 2.9% and 0.6%, respectively.Continuous national surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory pathogens is crucial in order to monitor changing patterns of susceptibility and to be able to update treatment recommendations on a regular basis