Histochemical Demonstration of the Three Types of Intrafusal Fibers of Muscle Spindles, a Study on Oxidative Enzymes

Histochemical studies of several oxidative enzymes of the muscle spindles in mouse limbs were carried out. Observations elucidated the existence of the three types of intrafusal fibers which can be distinguished from each other by the difference in the activity of oxidative enzymes as in the muscle fibers, i. e., the first one is the &#34;red intrafusal fibers&#34; and has the most intense activity of oxidative enzyme, the second one the &#34;white intrafusal fibers&#34; with a minimal activity, and the third, &#34;medium intrafusal fibers&#34; being distinguished by their oderate activity of oxidative enzymes from the others.</p

A Semantically-Related Information-Extraction System of Living

This paper presents a semantically related information-extraction system of living things by the global analysis of spatial, temporal and color information of images. The progress of multimedia, mobile an GIS technology makes it possible to and share various information resources globally. Various kinds of information resources on natural environments of the real world are also existing in a cyber space, and it is becoming possible to support users to acquire the valuable knowledge that bridge user’s fragmentary information about the real world and adequate information on the cyber space. This system realizes the functions for identifying unknown living things contained in a picture image input by a user, through the global analysis of temporal, spatial and color information of this images within a user-selected domain, Given a picture image of a living thing with temporal and spatial information, this system evaluates possible candidates of living things. This system also analyzes color information by calculating correlations between the color distribution of an input image and corresponding sample image data. By these processes, users acquire detailed information such as the name, the habitant and the active period of the living things contained within the given images

Surface Charge-Density Wave on the One-Dimensional Organic Conductor β-(BEDT-TTF)2PF6

We performed STM and theoretical studies of the surface of β-(BEDT-TTF)2PF6 which is known to show a metal-insulator transition at 297 K with the nesting vector of Qbulk = a*+0.5c* as a bulk phase. Two typical charge-density wave (CDW) phases with QS1 = 0.13a*+0.26c* and QS2 = 0.19a*+0.20c* were observed at 285 K on the surface. The observed structures were correlated well with the analysis of the susceptibility χ(Q), given the incomplete surface-charge transfer in the polar surface of this material. This is the first observation of surface CDW phases that reflect the characteristics of the electronic structure. These results suggest the possible discovery of other surface properties, such as surface superconductivity, in organic materials with a polar surface

Energy efficient machine tools

The growing global energy demand from industry results in significant ecological and economical costs. Aiming to decrease the impact of machining operations, an increasing number of research activities and publications regarding energy efficient machine tools and machining processes can be found in the literature. This keynote paper provides an overview of current machine- and process-related measures to improve the energy efficiency of metal cutting machine tools. Based on an analysis of the energy requirements of machine tool components, design measures to reduce the energy demand of main and support units are introduced. Next, methods for an energy efficient operation of machine tools are reviewed. Furthermore, latest developments and already available energy efficiency options in the machine tool industry are discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations and future research questions for more energy efficient machine tools

Numerical analysis and measurement of glass flow in a small melting furnace

Control of glass flow in a glass tank is a key technology in the glass melting process. The flow and temperature distributions of the glass melt greatly affect the quality of glass products. However, these phenomena have not been well understood due to the difficulty involved in the measurement as a result of the high temperature of the glass melt. Α small melting furnace was developed that was heated by electrodes. The glass flow was measured and analyzed by 3-D computer simulation. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimentally measured values. It is shown that it is possible to control the glass convection using a variety of the electric boosting conditions, the heat loss through walls and the charged glass batch. The quality of glass melt was evaluated by analyzing the temperature histories of virtual particles the furnace was charged with. It is found that the temperature of the particles is high and stable near the throat, as shown by the experimental data

Impact of Plasma 5 Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, a Serotonin Metabolite, on Clinical Severity in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by dysregulated vascular permeability. The clinical outcomes remain poor, and the disease burden is widespread. We demonstrated that plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a serotonin metabolite, is a pivotal severity indicator of ARDS. Serotonin is an effector of cellular contraction and a modulator of vascular permeability. Plasma 5-HIAA levels were significantly elevated in severe ARDS cases with shock status (p = 0.047) and positively correlated with SOFA (p < 0.0001) and APACHE-II score (p < 0.0001). In the longitudinal analysis, plasma 5-HIAA levels were also a strong independent predictor of mortality rate (p = 0.005). This study indicates that plasma 5-HIAA is a biomarker of ARDS severity and highlights the importance of evaluating vascular leakage levels for ARDS treatment

Fetal Myoepithelial Cells of Submandibular Glands and Modified Myoepithelial Cells in Pleomorphic Adenoma : Immunohistochemistry and Ultrastructure

To elucidate the divergent expression of tissue markers for myoepithelial cells (MECs) of submandibular glands. fetal submandibular glands (n 1(0). adult submandibular glands (n 10) and pleomorphic adenoma (n 20) are examined for cytokeratin 14(CK-14), vimentin, and a-smooth muscle actin(-SMA) by double immunohistochemical methods. In addition fetal submandibular glands (n 20) and pleomorphic adenoma ( n 3) are studied ultrastructurally to correlate with the immunohistochemical findings. The polyhedral MECs found in the early intermediate developmental stage (EIDS, 19-24 \U!eks) of fetal submandibular gland showed strong CK-14 positivity, \U!ak a-SMA positivity. and occasional vimentin positivity. These polyhedral MECs matured into \U!dge shaped, spindle or dendritic MECs. A large number of dendritic MECs seen in the late developmental stage (LOS, 33·40 weeks) showed a mild CK-14 positivity, strong a -SMApositivity, and negative vimentin. The CK-14 was also expressed strongly for some basal cells of the excretory ducts and rarely of striated ducts. while these ductal basal cells were negative for a -SMAand vimentin. Electron microscopic examination of fetal submandibular glands disclosed abundant intermediate filaments in the polyhedral MECs during the Ems, The intermediate filaments gradually decreased in amount as MECs matured into dendritic MECs in the LOS, and the dendritic MECs became filled with myofibrils. In pleomorphic adenomas the plasmacytoid or modified MECs usually seen in periductal portions showed coexpression of CK-14 a -SMAand vimentin a -SMAin double imrnunostaining