Thyroid abnormality trend over time in Northeastern Regions of Kazakstan, adjacent to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site: a case review of pathological findings for 7271 patients

From 1949 through 1989 nuclear weapons testing carried out by the former Soviet Union at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) resulted in local fallout affecting the residents of Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Pavlodar regions of Kazakstan. To investigate the possible relationship between radiation exposure and thyroid gland abnormalities, we conducted a case review of pathological findings of 7271 urban and rural patients who underwent surgery from 1966–96. Of the 7271 patients, 761 (10.5%) were men, and 6510 (89.5%) were women..

Immuno-chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma using OK-432, a streptococcal agent

Clinical trials of immuno-chemotherapy were conducted on malignant lymphoma patients. Patients during the period from 1972 through 1977 were allocated to two groups retrospectively according to the mode of treatment, i.e., chemotherapy alone (historical control group, 35 patients) and chemotherapy with OK-432 (treated group, 15 patients). Comparisons were made of the two groups, which were homogeneous with regard to induction chemotherapy, maintenance chemotherapy, stage and histologic type of disease. The treated group had a higher remission rate, and a longer remission duration and survival than the control groups, especially in patients with Hodgkin's disease but the difference was not statistically significant owing to the limited number of cases.</p

Observation of warping effects in the band and angular momentum structures of topological insulator Bi2Te3

We performed angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments on Bi2Te3 with circularly polarized light. ARPES data show very strong circular dichroism, indicating existence of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Moreover, the alignment of OAM is found to have a strong binding energy dependence. Such energy dependence comes from a relatively strong band warping effect in Bi2Te3 compared to Bi2Se3. OAM close to Dirac point has an ideal chiral structure (sin ?) without out-of-plane component. Warping effect comes in as the binding energy decreases and circular dichroism along a constant energy contour can no longer be explained by a simple sin? function but requires a sin3? term. When the warping effect becomes even stronger near the Fermi energy, circular dichroism gains an additional sin6? term. Such behavior is found to be compatible with the theoretically predicted OAM structure

Cathodoluminescene study of Mg implanted GaN: the impact of dislocation on Mg diffusion

Magnesium (Mg) ion implanted homoepitaxial GaN layers is investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The impact of dislocations on Mg diffusion is clarified by CL monitoring the Mg-related donor-acceptor pair (DAP) emission on novel angle cutting specimen. CL results suggest that: (1) there exist high concentration of nonradiative defects in a Mg implanted layer; and (2) Mg shows pipe diffusion along threading dislocations throughout epilayer to substrate. To achieve successful Mg doping by ion implantation, it is necessary to suppress the formation of a dead region in the Mg implanted layer and the pipe diffusion along threading dislocations