Gustavo Bolívar : el hombre de las narcotelenovelas

El presente artículo reseñará la principal obra del creador de la narcotelenovela en Colombia, Gustavo Bolívar, quien desde su primer trabajo para la televisión sobre el tema del narcotráfico, Sin tetas no hay paraíso, no dejó de revolucionar el género a través de la escritura de sus siguientes obras: Tres Caínes y cada una de las temporadas de El capo.El present article ressenyarà la principal obra del creador de la narcotelenovel·la a Colòmbia, Gustavo Bolívar, qui des del seu primer treball per la televisió sobre el tema del narcotràfic, com és Sin tetas no hay paraíso, no va deixar de revolucionar el gènere a través de l'escriptura de les seves següents obres, com van ser Tres Caínes i cadascuna de les temporades de El capo.This article focuses on Gustavo Bolívar's work as a creator of the narcotelenovela, genre born in Colombia. Since his first work, Sin tetas no hay paraíso (Without breasts there is no paradise), he revolutions the gener with the writing of Tres Caínes (Three Caínes) and with the three seasons of El Capo

Light-Driven Bending Crystals of Salicylidenephenylethylamines in Enantiomeric and Racemate Forms

The photomechanical bending behavior of chiral crystals composed of S- and R-enantiomers of photochromic <i>N</i>-3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butylsalicylidene-1-phenylethylamine in enol form [enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b>] has been compared with that of achiral crystals of the racemic compound [enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b>] of S- and R-enantiomers. Both platelike chiral and achiral crystals, a few millimeters in length, exhibited similar reversible bending upon alternate irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The reversible bending of the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal could be repeated over 100 times, while the tip displacement angles of the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b> crystals gradually decreased with repeated cycles. In situ X-ray measurements revealed that the bending motion of the chiral and achiral crystals was caused by a slight shrinkage of the <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> axes of the unit cell, respectively, corresponding to the long axis of the platelike crystals; shrinkage was induced by the shape change of component salicylidenephenylethylamine molecules upon photoinduced proton transfer. The Young’s modulus of the enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was 0.8 GPa, which is smaller than that of the enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal (2.6 GPa). The crystal cantilevers made of enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> lifted metal rings that were up to 50 and 300 times heavier, respectively, than the cantilevers upon UV irradiation. Overall, the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was found to be superior to the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal as a light-driven actuator

Light-Driven Bending Crystals of Salicylidenephenylethylamines in Enantiomeric and Racemate Forms

The photomechanical bending behavior of chiral crystals composed of S- and R-enantiomers of photochromic <i>N</i>-3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butylsalicylidene-1-phenylethylamine in enol form [enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b>] has been compared with that of achiral crystals of the racemic compound [enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b>] of S- and R-enantiomers. Both platelike chiral and achiral crystals, a few millimeters in length, exhibited similar reversible bending upon alternate irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The reversible bending of the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal could be repeated over 100 times, while the tip displacement angles of the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b> crystals gradually decreased with repeated cycles. In situ X-ray measurements revealed that the bending motion of the chiral and achiral crystals was caused by a slight shrinkage of the <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> axes of the unit cell, respectively, corresponding to the long axis of the platelike crystals; shrinkage was induced by the shape change of component salicylidenephenylethylamine molecules upon photoinduced proton transfer. The Young’s modulus of the enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was 0.8 GPa, which is smaller than that of the enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal (2.6 GPa). The crystal cantilevers made of enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> lifted metal rings that were up to 50 and 300 times heavier, respectively, than the cantilevers upon UV irradiation. Overall, the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was found to be superior to the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal as a light-driven actuator

Light-Driven Bending Crystals of Salicylidenephenylethylamines in Enantiomeric and Racemate Forms

The photomechanical bending behavior of chiral crystals composed of S- and R-enantiomers of photochromic <i>N</i>-3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butylsalicylidene-1-phenylethylamine in enol form [enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b>] has been compared with that of achiral crystals of the racemic compound [enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b>] of S- and R-enantiomers. Both platelike chiral and achiral crystals, a few millimeters in length, exhibited similar reversible bending upon alternate irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The reversible bending of the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal could be repeated over 100 times, while the tip displacement angles of the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b> crystals gradually decreased with repeated cycles. In situ X-ray measurements revealed that the bending motion of the chiral and achiral crystals was caused by a slight shrinkage of the <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> axes of the unit cell, respectively, corresponding to the long axis of the platelike crystals; shrinkage was induced by the shape change of component salicylidenephenylethylamine molecules upon photoinduced proton transfer. The Young’s modulus of the enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was 0.8 GPa, which is smaller than that of the enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal (2.6 GPa). The crystal cantilevers made of enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> lifted metal rings that were up to 50 and 300 times heavier, respectively, than the cantilevers upon UV irradiation. Overall, the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was found to be superior to the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal as a light-driven actuator

Light-Driven Bending Crystals of Salicylidenephenylethylamines in Enantiomeric and Racemate Forms

The photomechanical bending behavior of chiral crystals composed of S- and R-enantiomers of photochromic <i>N</i>-3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butylsalicylidene-1-phenylethylamine in enol form [enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b>] has been compared with that of achiral crystals of the racemic compound [enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b>] of S- and R-enantiomers. Both platelike chiral and achiral crystals, a few millimeters in length, exhibited similar reversible bending upon alternate irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The reversible bending of the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal could be repeated over 100 times, while the tip displacement angles of the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>R</i>)-<b>1</b> crystals gradually decreased with repeated cycles. In situ X-ray measurements revealed that the bending motion of the chiral and achiral crystals was caused by a slight shrinkage of the <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> axes of the unit cell, respectively, corresponding to the long axis of the platelike crystals; shrinkage was induced by the shape change of component salicylidenephenylethylamine molecules upon photoinduced proton transfer. The Young’s modulus of the enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was 0.8 GPa, which is smaller than that of the enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal (2.6 GPa). The crystal cantilevers made of enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> and enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> lifted metal rings that were up to 50 and 300 times heavier, respectively, than the cantilevers upon UV irradiation. Overall, the achiral enol-(<i>rac</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal was found to be superior to the chiral enol-(<i>S</i>)-<b>1</b> crystal as a light-driven actuator