ANALISIS KAPASITAS RUANG PARKIR DI PELABUHAN FERRY LABUAN BAJO

<p>Bivariate negative binomial generalized linear mixed model (NB-GLMM) for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection risk among schoolchildren Mbita, Kenya.</p

Trends in risk on all causes of child mortality (ACCM) for non-net user children across long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) density quartiles (A) and those across density quartiles of young people (B) for children who live in a house far from health facilities (Remote dataset^*).

<p>The best fit model was the 1000-meter radius model in trend analyses and the trend was 1.25 (95%CI 1.03–1.51) for LLIN density quartiles and 0.77 (95%CI 0.63–0.94) for density quartiles of young people. ^* Remote dataset: Dataset retrieved children of households located far from health facilities more than 3 kilometers from the district hospital or more than 1 kilometer from health centers and dispensaries in the area. Solid lines are point estimates of hazard ratios for Cox PH models within a radius from 100 meters to 3,000 meters and dotted vertical lines show the best fit model according to likelihood among models. Among the models both in (A) and (B), the best fit mode was the 1000-meter radius model (dotted vertical line). Gray bands indicate 95% confidence intervals for each point estimate.</p

Bed net usage proportions during survey periods among individuals younger than 65 years (A) and among children younger than 5 years (B), according to the type of bed net used.

<p>Orange line, total bed nets; blue line, long lasting insecticide nets (LLIN); green line, untreated nets; dark red line, any bed net. Moving averages were calculated using five age groups to create graphs with smooth lines. Period I = October 14, 2008, to December 19, 2008; period II = May 11, 2009, to June 4, 2009; period III = January 7, 2010, to March 2, 2010; and period IV = September 22, 2010, to December 3, 2010.</p

Schematic illustration for calculation of bed nets and population densities around a child.

<p>All individuals and all households within a given radius from 100 to 3,000 meters around each child were retrieved using the geographical position (longitude and latitude) of each household by GPS recorded in HDSS dataset in each survey period (period I, II, III, and IV).</p

Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of densities of long lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on all causes of child mortality (ACCM) for children sleeping without a bed net using the whole dataset ^*(A) and for children limited to those who lived far from health facilities using the remote dataset^** (B). Reference is the lowest LLIN density quartile group of children.

<p>^*Whole dataset: Dataset covering the whole study area. ^**Remote dataset: Dataset retrieved children of households located more than 3 kilometers from the district hospital or more than 1 kilometer from health centers and dispensaries in the area. Solid lines are point estimates of hazard ratios for Cox PH models within a radius from 100 meters to 3,000 meters and dotted vertical lines show the best fit model according to likelihood among models. Among the models in (A), the best fit mode was the 900-meter radius model (the dotted vertical line) and among the models in (B), it was the 2300-meter radius model (dotted vertical line). Gray bands indicate 95% confidence intervals for each point estimate.</p

Spatial distribution of death cases (A), population of children younger than 5 years old (B), and long lasting insecticide net distribution (C) in the study area across the study period.

<p>Kernel estimation of the probability density function for each grid was calculated in terms of death cases, child population and long lasting insecticide treated nets using the quartic kernel function with the fixed bandwidth of 1000 meter. For visualizing the estimated probabilities by the kernel estimation, the probabilities were classified into 20 groups and describes on the grid of the map. The 20 groups were colored by rainbow color: the lowest group in blue, the middle group in green, and the highest group in red. Black dots in (A) are observed death cases.</p

Age distributions (in months) of children by sex and bed net type.

*<p>Whole dataset: the dataset of whole children.</p>**<p>Remote dataset: Dataset that excluded children whose house were located within three kilometers from the district hospital; or within one kilometer from health centers, dispensaries, and clinics to remove the effect of townships where lower child mortality was expected due to easy access to health facilities.</p

Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of densities of young population densities on all causes of child mortality (ACCM) for children sleeping without a bed net using the whole dataset ^* (A) for children limited to those who lived far from health facilities using the remote dataset^** (B). Reference is the lowest young population density quartile group of children.

<p>^* Whole dataset: Dataset covering the whole study area. ^** Remote dataset: Dataset retrieved children of households located far from health facilities more than 3 kilometers from the district hospital or more than 1 kilometer from health centers and dispensaries in the area. Solid lines are point estimates of hazard ratios for Cox PH models within a radius from 100 meters to 3,000 meters and dot vertical lines show the best fit model according to likelihood among models. Among the models in (A), the best fit model was the 900-meter radius model (dotted vertical line) and among the models in (B), it was the 2300-meter radius model (dotted vertical line). Gray bands indicate 95% confidence intervals for each point estimate.</p

Mortalities and person-years by bed net type and study period for the whole cohort.

<p>Mortalities and person-years by bed net type and study period for the whole cohort.</p

Potential risk factors of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection.

<p>Potential risk factors of <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> infection.</p