Hybrid Pesantren in Indonesia; Analyzing the Transformation of Islamic Religious Education in the Digital Age

The involvement of Pesantren in digital media has led to the emergence of a brand-new Pesantren map in Indonesia, where Pesantren had previously played a traditional setting. Their engagement of religious leaders and institutions in cyberspace has fundamentally changed not only religious education practice but also the religious authority in digital media. This article aims to examine how the development of digital technology has altered the Pesantren learning tradition. Ngaji in the pesantren tradition, which is typically performed face-to-face, is currently conducted in a hybrid format through digital media. This article applied Netnography method which involves the systematic observation, analysis, and interpretation of online data.  Based on Pierre Bordieau's structural construction theory, this study examines how individuals' habitus, shaped by digital media influences their engagement with digital Islamic practices. In line with that, the hybridization practiced by pesantren in Indonesia has become the new habitus of the pesantren learning tradition. Habitus is the collective entity by which and which dominant social and cultural conditions are established and reproduced. Furthermore, the Pesantren hybrid with its live-streaming Ngaji also constitutes a new Islamic public sphere that strengthens the existing Digital Islam in Indonesia. On the other hand, according to this study, the Kiai has transformed from “the cultural broker” to "the cultural creator" in the digital era, establishing a new tradition in pesantren education. They have achieved the establishment of a digital tradition of studying the yellow book (Kitab Kuning). This transition also facilitates the evolution of pesantren’s learning tradition into a digital format. By continuing to adapt to shifting circumstances, hybrid pesantren bolster the evidence that pesantren are resilient and adaptable

POLIGAMI/POLIGINI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

AbstractMarriage is formed to create a harmonious, happy, and prosperous family (sakinah, mawaddah, and rahmah). Polygyny or better known as polygamy has always been a subject of fiqh which has always been excellent among fiqh experts and researchers of Islamic law. This form of polygamy is well known among medes, babylonia, abyssinia, and Persians. The Prophet Muhammad allowed polygamy among his people because it was also practiced by the Greeks, among whom even a wife could not only be exchanged but could also be traded commonly among them. Australia and Mormons in America. Even Hinduism in India does not prohibit polygamy. The jahiliyyah Arabs married a number of women and regarded them as possessions, even in large part, especially as they were not part of a marriage because the women could be brought, owned and sold as they pleased. Polygamy becomes an emergency exit for a husband who has been established in household mahligai as a protection against adultery.  AbstrakPerkawinan dibentuk untuk menciptakan keluarga yang bernuansa harmonis, bahagia, dan sejahtera, (sakinah, mawaddah, dan rahmah). Poligini atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah poligami senantiasa menjadi bahasan fiqih yang selalu menjadi primadona dikalangan para ahli fiqih dan para peneliti hukum Islam. Bentuk poligami telah dikenal diantara orang-orang medes, babilonia, abesinia, dan Persia. Nabi Muhammad SAW membolehkan poligami diantara masyarakatnya karena telah dipraktekkan juga oleh orang-orang yunani yang diantaranya bahkan seorang istri bukan hanya dapat dipertukarkan tetapi juga dapat diperjual belikan secara lazim diantara mereka. Australia serta mormon di Amerika. Bahkan ajaran hindu di India tidak melarang poligami. Orang-orang arab jahiliyyah menikahi sejumlah wanita dan menganggap mereka sebagai barang kepunyaan bahkan dalam sebagian besar khususnya ia bukanlah bagian perkawinan karena para wanita itu dapat dibawa, dimiliki, dan dijual sekehendaknya. Poligami menjadi sebuah emergency exit bagi seorang suami yang telah mapan dalam mahligai rumah tangga sebagai proteksi terhadap perbuatan perzinaan

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Mendakwahkan smiling Islam : dialog kemanusiaan Islam dan barat

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