Critical Perspectives on Contrastive Rhetoric: A Report from Iranians' EFL Reading Textbooks

The efficacy of genre-based approach to teaching writing has been regarded as an influential practice in L2 writing pedagogy (Hyland, 2007). However, there is still gap between actual structures found in reading materials recommended as textbooks and discourse patterns recommended for L2 writing in EFL contexts, the gap which would highlight the problems of genre and rhetorical patterns for teaching. The current study, therefore, is an attempt to explore the level of consistency between the rhetorical patterns found in reading textbooks and discourse pattern recommended for writing. For this purpose, a number of 22 essays selected from textbooks were analyzed to identify (1) the overall rhetorical structures, and (2) the location of main idea and opinion of writers. The results show that while some texts did not follow the three-part structure of introduction-body-conclusion, main idea was presented in the introductory parts of essays, illustrating a deductive rhetorical pattern recommended for English writing. Further research was suggested as well

The Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Activity of Soil Microorganisms

Introduction: The use of wastewater for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wastewater on the microbial activity of irrigated soils using the enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms. Materials and Methods: In this study, for soil irrigation, the secondary effluent of the Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plant was used. As a control, tap water that has no microbial load was also used. Soil samples were collected in two stages, before and immediately after irrigation. All samples were collected in sterile bags, transferred immediately to the laboratory for physicochemical and microbiological tests. Soil samples were analyzed for the amounts of enzymatic activity (Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase), electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and pH. Results: The EC levels before and after irrigation with tap water was 231.2 and 260.63 ps.cm-1, respectively, which was significantly different from levels of wastewater-irrigated soil (P [removed] 0.05). It was found that there is a significant relationship between bacterial density and FDA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that irrigation with wastewater has no significant effect on the microbial activity of irrigated soil. Because of the short-term wastewater irrigation in the present study, however, further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of long-term wastewater irrigation on the microbial and physicochemical quality of soil

Scientific evaluation of medicinal plants used for the treatment of cervicitis (Qorohe- Rahem) in Iranian Traditional Medicine

Cervicitis is an inflammatory condition of the cervix associated with upper genital tract infection and reproductive complications. Therapy for cervicitis in conventional system is the use of antibiotics and antifungal therapies and surgical interventions, none of these treatments provides the definite efficacy in spite of high cost and side effect. So there is a need for alternate therapy which is safe, effective, easily available and free from side effects. Our study focuses on medicinal plants mentioned in main Iranian Traditional Medicine reference books. Medicinal plants mentioned in Iranian Traditional Medicine for treatment of Cervicitis were elicited and searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Google Scholar to find studies that confirmed their efficacy. The findings included 311plants(Which are mentioned below) belonging to 21 families, research findings showed that these plants that have mentioned in the Iranian Traditional Medicine resources can contribute to the recovery and treatment of cervicitis through anti- inflammatory, anti- oxidant, anti- bacterial and anti- fungal, wound healing and analgesic effects. Finding the medicinal plants effective on cervicitis based on ITM could suggest a better strategy for relieving and management cervicitis symptoms especially in recurrent or persistent condition. In following step effect of selected plants were investigated. Results are confirmed the effect of Lawsonia inermis on treating Cervicitis which is currently in progress (Zareshahi et al. 2018).Cervicitis is an inflammatory condition of the cervix associated with upper genital tract infection and reproductive complications. Therapy for cervicitis in conventional system is the use of antibiotics and antifungal therapies and surgical interventions, none of these treatments provides the definite efficacy in spite of high cost and side effect. So there is a need for alternate therapy which is safe, effective, easily available and free from side effects. Our study focuses on medicinal plants mentioned in main Iranian Traditional Medicine reference books. Medicinal plants mentioned in Iranian Traditional Medicine for treatment of Cervicitis were elicited and searched in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Google Scholar to find studies that confirmed their efficacy. The findings included 311plants(Which are mentioned below) belonging to 21 families, research findings showed that these plants that have mentioned in the Iranian Traditional Medicine resources can contribute to the recovery and treatment of cervicitis through anti- inflammatory, anti- oxidant, anti- bacterial and anti- fungal, wound healing and analgesic effects. Finding the medicinal plants effective on cervicitis based on ITM could suggest a better strategy for relieving and management cervicitis symptoms especially in recurrent or persistent condition. In following step effect of selected plants were investigated. Results are confirmed the effect of Lawsonia inermis on treating Cervicitis which is currently in progress (Zareshahi et al. 2018)

"Stain in life": the meaning of urinary incontinence in the context of Muslim postmenopausal women through hermeneutic phenomenology

Introduction: UI is a worldwide chronic condition among postmenopausal women. Little is known about the meaning of lived experiences of urinary incontinence of these women's viewpoints in their context. Objective: The aim of this study was to illuminate the experience of Muslim community-dwelling postmenopausal women who were living with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: Seventeen women with UI (range: 52-68 years) who had experienced it for more than ten years were interviewed. A phenomenological hermeneutic method was used to analyze and interpret the interview texts. Results: The women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence have been presented in terms of three main themes: disruption of normal functioning, self-imposed restriction, and feelings of despair. Disruption of normal functioning meant emotional, spiritual, physical, and daily life disruption. Self-imposed restriction meant suppression of delights and needs and avoidance of social interactions. Feelings of despair referred to predictions of a bad and dark future of living with urinary incontinence, ambiguity, and hopelessness. The meaning of living with UI has been considered a 'stain in life'. Health care providers should be familiar with the different manifestations of urinary incontinence for early diagnosis and prevention of the negative effects of this condition to improve quality of life. In addition, symbolic interactionism theory can help health care providers to understand the meaning of urinary incontinence for women

Presentation Invasive Mole After Normal Pregnancy: A Very Rare Case Report

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a rare neoplasm and is a spectrum of proliferative disorders of placenta. Invasive mole is a subtype of GTN that almost always arises after molar pregnancy. This report presents a 35-year-old woman with an atypical presentation of invasive mole after a normal pregnancy. The patient presented with a complaint of vaginal bleeding after normal vaginal delivery. Invasive mole was diagnosed based on findings of imaging and elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels. Hysterectomy was finally decided upon due to severe vaginal bleeding and the patient’s request. Although GTN occurs after normal delivery, the patient recovered without receiving chemotherapy. It is important to consider all subtypes of GTN as a differential diagnosis of patients with abnormal postpartum bleeding and elevated ß-hCG levels even after a normal pregnancy

Portrait representation of postmenopausal women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence

This study explored the meaning of the experiences of community-dwelling postmenopausal women who were born and grew up in a Muslim country when drawing a picture about their lived experiences of urinary incontinence. Hermeneutic phenomenology underpinned the study’s interpretive research approach. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in two sessions with nine postmenopausal women. The participants were asked to draw a picture about their lived experiences of urinary incontinence in a self-portrait. Three themes emerged to illuminate the meaning of urinary incontinence, including “disruption of normal functioning,” “self-imposed restrictions,” and “feeling of despair.” Discussion of these themes was presented, and practice and research implications were suggested