Effective factors in social media on young consumers' purchase intention and purchasing from these media (case study young consumers in isfahan)

The objective of the research is to study the effective factors in social media on Iranian young consumers' purchase intention and purchasing from these media. The research is an applied research in terms of the objective and a survey research in terms of the method of data collection. A standard questionnaire has been used to measure variables. The sample included 400 Iranian youths using social media whom have been selected using non-probability available sampling method. Data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. It has been used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling to test hypotheses. Results showed that awareness cognitive, knowledge cognitive, trust, and brand equity significantly affect Iranian young consumers' purchasing intention and purchasing in the social media. The effect of purchasing intention on the purchasing was also confirmed

Posttranslational modifications and receptor complexes paralleling memory mechanisms

Gehirn Rezeptoren im zentralen Nervensystem sind in synaptische Veränderungen involviert, welchen Lernen und Gedächtnis zugrunde liegenden. Obwohl Rezeptor-Untereinheiten mit der Erinnerungsbildung in Zusammenhang gebracht worden sind, stehen nur sehr eingeschränkte Daten über die Beteiligung der Rezeptorkomplexe zur Verfügung. Des Weiteren sind post-translationale Modifikationen für eine Reihe von Aktivitäten verantwortlich, z.B. für Genexpression, Aktivierung/Deaktivierung der Enzymaktivität, Proteinstabilität oder -Inaktivierung, Mediation von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Proteinen, und Modulation der Zellfunktionen durch Proteine im Zusammenhang mit Signal- und Regulierungsmechanismen.Neue Studien haben sich mit der Rolle post- translationaler Modifikationen (PTMs) in kognitiven Prozessen beschäftigt. Es ist gut dokumentiert, dass post-translationale Modifikationen, wie die Phosphorylierung von Serin, Threonin und Tyrosin, eine Rolle bei der synaptischen Plastizität des Gehirns, der Freisetzung von Neurotransmittern und dem Vesikeltransport spielen. Das Ziel unserer Studie bestand darin, zu zeigen, dass Rezeptor-hältige Komplexe, wie NMDAR, AMPAR im Hippocampus von Mäusen an Lern- und Gedächtnisleistungen beteiligt sind. In der Folge wurden die Zusammensetzung von Rezeptorkomplexen, ihre post-translationalen Modifikationen und ihre Bindungspartner untersucht. Um die Beteiligung nativer Rezeptorkomplexen zu untersuchen, wurden daher Mäuse trainiert und mit untrainierten Mäusen in MTM und BM verglichen. nach Ende des Trainings wurden die Mäuse euthanisiert, die Hippocampi entnommen, Proteine extrahiert und über native polyacrylamide Gels getrennt, gefolgt von Immunblotting mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegen murine Gehirnrezeptoren. Um die Gehirnrezeptoren, ihre post-translationale Modifikationen sowie ihre Zusammensetzung zu identifizieren, wurde eine Immunpräzipitation mit spezifischen Antikörpern gegen die Rezeptoren aus den Hippocampi sowie SDS-PAGEs durchgeführt. Die Bande wurden ausgestanzt, entfärbt und mit Trypsin und Chymotrypsin verdaut; die Peptide wurden mittels Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS unter Verwendung einer Ionenfalle identifiziert. Wir fanden, dass sowohl die Rezeptorkomplexe, GluN1 und GluA1, welche in trainierten Maeusen erhoeht exprimiert sind, als auch GluA2, welcher in diesen Tieren reduziert scheint, mit Gedaechtnis assoziiert sind.außerdem, Die NMDA-Rezeptor- Untereinheiten und AMPA-Rezeptor-Untereinheiten, fünf neue Phosphorylierungsstellen auf NMDA (Serine S511 on GluN2A and S886, S917, S1303 und S1323 on GluN2B) und zwei Proteinkinasen, PKC gamma und Calcium / Calmodulin-abhängige Proteinkinase Typ-2-Untereinheit beta, die mit NMDA zugeordnet ist, wurden durch Massenspektrometrie identifiziert. Hiermit haben wir ein Verfahren zum Nachweis und zur Untersuchung von Rezeptorkomplexen aus dem Hippocampus bei Lernen und Gedächtnis geschaffen und den Wissensstand über Rezeptorkomplexe erweitert. Zusätzlich, neue Phosphorylierungsstellen am NMDA Rezeptor finden und diese Information ist wichtig für weitere Studien über PTM in bezug auf Lernen und Gedächtnis.Brain receptors are involved in synaptic changes underlying learning and memory in central nervous system. Although receptor subunits have been linked to memory formation, data on the involvement of the receptor complexes is limited. In addition, post-translation modifications account for a number of activities such as gene expression, activation /deactivation of enzymatic activity, protein stability or disruption, mediation of protein-protein interactions, and modulation of protein cellular function involved in signalling and regulatory mechanisms. Recent studies have addressed the involvement of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in cognitive processes. It is well documented that post-translation modifications such as phosphorylation of serine, threonine and tyrosine play a role in the synaptic plasticity of the brain, neurotransmitter release, and vesicle trafficking. The aim of our study was to investigate whether learning paradigms change the composition of NMDA- and AMPA- receptor complexes in mice. Subsequently, identification of receptor complexes, their post- translational modifications and their binding partners are proposed. Therefore, in order to study the involvement of native receptor complexes, mice were trained and compared to untrained mice in MTM (Multiple T maze) and BM (Barnes maze). After the completion of training, mice were euthanized, hippocampal samples were taken, proteins were extracted and run on native polyacrylamide gels, followed by immunoblotting with specific antibodies against mouse brain receptors. To identify the brain receptors, their post-translational modifications and their compositions, immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies against receptors from hippocampi was carried out and samples were run under denature condition. Spots were picked, destained, treated with trypsin and chymotrypsin, and peptides were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS). We found that the level GluN1- and GluA1-containing complexes increased in trained mice and GluA2-containing complexes decreased in trained mice. Furthermore, The NMDA receptor subunits (GluN1 and GluN2A-D), AMPA receptor subunits, five novel phosphorylation sites on NMDAR (Serine S511 on GluN2A and S886, S917, S1303 and S1323 on GluN2B), and two protein kinases (Protein kinase C gamma and Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 subunit beta), which are associated with NMDA receptor, were identified by mass spectrometry. Herein, we apply native polyacrylamide gels to determine and study hippocampal receptor complexes in learning and memory. The results extend our knowledge on NMDA- and AMPA- receptor complexes. In addition, five novel phosphorylation sites on NMDA receptor are detected. This new discovery is useful for further studies in terms of receptor's PTM quantification in learning / memory and disease.von Maryam GhafariAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in dt. SpracheMass spectrometrical identification of hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A-D and five novel phosphorylation sites on NR2A and NR2B J Proteome Res.2012 Mar.2;11(3):1891-6Wien, Med. Univ., Diss., 2014OeBB(VLID)171625

Effect of continuous aerobic training versus high intensity interval training on Resistin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats

Background: the adipose tissue produces and releases peptides that contribute to various processes in body, including insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous aerobic training and high intensity interval training on Resistin and insulin levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic male wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats became diabetic in seven months. In next phase, after introducing with training environment, Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups of six each: control, continuous (20 minutes, 60% maximum speed) and intense interval (2 minutes of activity with 80% maximum speed, 2 minutes recovery with 30% maximum speed). The rats trained five time a week for eight weeks. Resistin gene expression and plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured before and after eight weeks. One-way ANOVA was used at P<0.05 for statistical analysis of data. Results: regardless the type of training, differences between pre and post training results was statistically significant for insulin, glucose, insulin resistance and Resistin (P<0.05). Interval training lead to significant changes in all factors except the Resistin gene expression (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between changes in insulin resistance and Resistin gene expression (r=0.63). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that training is an effective factor in insulin resistance process and related factors in diabetes, and Resistin also play a role in this process, but it seems that regular training is more important factor than its type to change the Expression of Resistin

The effects of acupressure on pain severity in female nurses with chronic low back pain

Background: Low back pain causes physical and psychological impacts among nurses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acupressure on the severity of pain in chronic low back pain in female nurses. Materials and Methods: This study is a single-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted among 50 nurses suffering from chronic low back pain. After simple sampling, participants were randomly assigned into acupressure and sham groups using lottery method (25 patients in each group). In the experimental group, the intervention was performed by the researcher three times a week throughout a 3-week period. The sham group received placebo interventions. Data was collected through VAS questionnaire before, immediately after, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after performing intervention. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 18 using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: There was no significant difference in the mean pain severity scores in the pre-interventions phase between the groups (P = 0.63), however, a significant difference was observed Immediately, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after performing intervention. Further, the mean pain severity scores in intervention group significantly decreased compared to the sham group (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Acupressure on specific points was proved to reduce pain. Thus, acupressure can be used as nonmedicament, inexpensive, and without side effects treatment in reducing pain

Studying Impact of Personality Traits onCritical Thinking Skills (The Case of Graduate Students of University of Isfahan)

ABSTRACT Improving critical thinking skills among the students has been considered as one of the main goals of high educational periods indeveloped and developing countries. Some of the theorists in the field of education suggested that individual differences and personality traits influence critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to studyimpact of personality traits on critical thinking skills among the graduate students inUniversity of Isfahan. The statistical population of this study was the graduate students of the University of Isfahan in the years of 2011-2012. Based on formula of sampling from limited population 160 of these students were selected as sample members. In order to collecting data the questionnaires with 46 items have been used. Then in order to examining reliability of the questionnaires content reliability has been used. Also Kidder-Richardson has been used to examining stability of the questionnaires and then its value was calculated 77% that was acceptable value. In order to analyzing data and concluding results descriptive statistic and inferential statistic were used and in order to this the ENTER method and Durbin-Watson method has been used. All of mentioned methods have been done in the SPSS18. The results of this study indicated that all of personality traits influenced critical thinking skills of the graduate students and also these traits totally explained 51% of critical thinking variance. Also Durbin-Watson results indicated there wasn&apos;t any auto-correlation between independent variables

Effect of type and aggregate gradation on the functional properties of porous asphalt (case study of Iran)

Abstract Porous asphalt mixtures are gaining popularity due to their ability to effectively drain surface water and mitigate traffic noise in regions with high rainfall. However, compared to conventional asphalt pavements, these types of pavements with high void content necessitate specific guidelines for achieving an optimal mix design. The performance characteristics of porous asphalt mixtures are notably influenced by the grading and composition of materials, especially with regards to their resistance to moisture damage. This study aimed to investigate the properties of porous asphalt mixtures using limestone and siliceous aggregates with varying gradations, while maintaining bitumen contents of 5% and 6%. In accordance with the regulations set forth by the National Center for Asphalt Technology, the findings indicate that siliceous-based aggregates exhibit improved void characteristics (increased by 3%) and permeability (increased by 11%). However, they also display reduced resistance to moisture-induced failures (decreased by 4%). On the other hand, adhering to the gradation recommendations provided by the National Asphalt Pavement Association guidelines, except for a slight decrease of 3% in moisture sensitivity, yields an overall enhancement of 25% in other performance characteristics. To analyze the data, statistical methods were employed, resulting in regression models with a minimum R2 value of 0.97. These models helped determine the optimal binder percentage for different aggregate types and gradations, providing valuable insights for practical implementation

Flexibility of Knee Joint Muscles in Women with Knee Osteoarthritis and Healthy Controls

Background: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases in synovial joints. Due to high loading forces during weight-bearing activities, the knee joint is prone to degenerative processes. This study aimed to compare the flexibility of muscles around the knee joint in patients with knee osteoarthritis with those of healthy individuals. Methods: Twenty-three women with bilateral knee osteoarthritis and 23 healthy women matched with the patient group for age, height and weight participated in this study. Flexibility of the quadriceps, hamstring, iliotibial band, adductor and gastrocnemius muscles was evaluated with a goniometric device. Pain intensity was assessed with a visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed with independent t-tests to compare the two groups, and Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate muscle flexibility and pain intensity. Results: significant lower flexibility of the bilateral quadriceps muscles was found in patients compared to healthy women (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected between groups regarding other muscles. Quadriceps flexibility correlated significantly with pain intensity in patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: In patients with osteoarthritis, quadriceps flexibility may be decreased although other muscles may remain unaffected. Quadriceps stretching is thus a potentially important component of treatment, which may influence pain reduction in these patients

Targeting host calcium channels and viroporins: a promising strategy for SARS-CoV-2 therapy

Despite passing the pandemic phase of the COVID-19, researchers are still investigating various drugs. Previous evidence suggests that blocking the calcium channels may be a suitable treatment option. Ca2+ is required to enhance the fusion process of SARS-CoV-2. Also, some important inflammatory factors during SARS-CoV-2 infection are dependent on Ca2+ level. On the other hand, viroporins have emerged as attractive targets for antiviral therapy due to their essential role in viral replication and pathogenesis. By inhibiting the host calcium channels and viroporins, it is possible to limit the spread of infection. Therefore, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and drugs targeting viroporins can be considered an effective option in the fight against SARS-CoV-2