Synthèse de conjugués de PNA et d'acide aminé ciblant l'ARN du VIH-1

NICE-BU Sciences (060882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Olive Mill Wastewater: From a Pollutant to Green Fuels, Agricultural Water Source, and Bio-Fertilizer. Part 2: Water Recovery

Water shortage is a very concerning issue in the Mediterranean region, menacing the viability of the agriculture sector and in some countries, population wellbeing. At the same time, liquid effluent volumes generated from agro-food industries in general and olive oil industry in particular, are quite huge. Thus, the main aim of this work is to suggest a sustainable solution for the management of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) with possible reuse in irrigation. This work is a part of a series of papers valorizing all the outputs of a three-phase system of oil mills. It deals with recovery, by condensation, of water from both OMWW and OMWW-impregnated biomasses (sawdust and wood chips), during a convective drying operation (air velocity: 1 m/s and air temperature: 50 °C). The experimental results showed that the water yield recovery reaches about 95%. The condensate waters have low electrical conductivity and salinities but also acidic pH values and slightly high chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. However, they could be returned suitable for reuse in agriculture after additional low-cost treatment

Overexpression of the VvSWEET4 Transporter in Grapevine Hairy Roots Increases Sugar Transport and Contents and Enhances Resistance to Pythium irregulare, a Soilborne Pathogen

International audienc

Wood Metabolomic Responses of Wild and Cultivated Grapevine to Infection with Neofusicoccum parvum, a Trunk Disease Pathogen

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which are associated with complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, represent one of the major threats to vineyard sustainability currently. Botryosphaeria dieback, one of the major GTDs, is associated with wood colonization by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, especially Neofusicoccum parvum. We used GC-MS and HPLC-MS to compare the wood metabolomic responses of the susceptible Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera (V. v. subsp. vinifera) and the tolerant Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (V. v. subsp. sylvestris) after artificial inoculation with Neofusicoccum parvum (N. parvum). N. parvum inoculation triggered major changes in both primary and specialized metabolites in the wood. In both subspecies, infection resulted in a strong decrease in sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), whereas sugar alcohol content (mannitol and arabitol) was enhanced. Concerning amino acids, N. parvum early infection triggered a decrease in aspartic acid, serine, and asparagine, and a strong increase in alanine and β-alanine. A trend for more intense primary metabolism alteration was observed in V. v. subsp. sylvestris compared to V. v. subsp. vinifera. N. parvum infection also triggered major changes in stilbene and flavonoid compounds. The content in resveratrol and several resveratrol oligomers increased in the wood of both subspecies after infection. Interestingly, we found a higher induction of resveratrol oligomer (putative E-miyabenol C, vitisin C, hopeaphenol, ampelopsin C) contents after wood inoculation in V. v. subsp. sylvestris

Olive mill wastewater: From a pollutant to green fuels, agricultural and water source and bio-fertilizer -Hydrothermal carbonization

International audienceHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered as a promising technique for wastes conversion into carbon rich materials for various energetic, environmental and agricultural applications. In this work, the HTC of olive mill wastewater (OMWW) was investigated at different temperatures (180-220°C) and both, the solid (i.e., hydrochars) and the final process liquid derived from the thermal conversion process were deeply analyzed. Results showed that the solid yield was affected by the temperature, i.e., decrease from 57% to 25% for temperatures of 180°C and 220°C, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrochars presented an increasing fixed carbon percentage with the increase of the carbonization temperature, suggesting that decarboxylation is the main reaction driving the HTC process. The decrease in the O/C ratio promoted an increase of the high heating value (HHV) by 32% for hydrochar prepared at 220°C. The process liquids were sampled and their organic contents were analyzed using GC-MS technique. Acids, alcohols, phenols and sugar derivatives were detected and their concentrations varied with carbonization temperatures. The assessment of the physico-chemical properties of the generated HTC by-products suggested the possible application of the hydrochars for energetic insights while the liquid fraction could be practical for in agricultural field

Comparative Study of Secreted Proteins, Enzymatic Activities of Wood Degradation and Stilbene Metabolization in Grapevine Botryosphaeria Dieback Fungi

Botryosphaeriaceae fungi are plant pathogens associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. To better understand the virulence factors of these fungi, we investigated the diversity of secreted proteins and extracellular enzyme activities involved in wood degradation and stilbene metabolization in Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata, which are two major fungi associated with grapevine B. dieback. Regarding the analysis of proteins secreted by the two fungi, our study revealed that N. parvum, known to be more aggressive than D. seriata, was characterized by a higher quantity and diversity of secreted proteins, especially hydrolases and oxidoreductases that are likely involved in cell wall and lignin degradation. In addition, when fungi were grown with wood powder, the extracellular laccase and Mn peroxidase enzyme activities were significantly higher in D. seriata compared to N. parvum. Importantly, our work also showed that secreted Botryosphaeriaceae proteins produced after grapevine wood addition are able to rapidly metabolize the grapevine stilbenes. Overall, a higher diversity of resveratrol and piceatannol metabolization products was found with enzymes of N. parvum compared to D. seriata. This study emphasizes the diversity of secreted virulence factors found in B. dieback fungi and suggests that some resveratrol oligomers produced in grapevine wood after pathogen attack could be formed via pathogenic fungal oxidases. Keywords: Botryosphaeriaceae; grapevine; stilbene metabolization; secreted protein

Physico-chemical properties of hydrochars produced from raw olive pomace using olive mill wastewater as moisture source

International audienceIn this study,we assessed the transformation of raw olive pomace in to carbon-rich material using olive mill waste water(OMWW) as the liquid medium for the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) process. The findings were compared accordingly with the use of distilled water (DW), which is the conventional practice.The use of OMWW as a liquid matrix enhanced the hydrochar yield,but volatile matter, fixed carbon content, and O/C and H/C ratios followed a decreasing trend. Furthermore, for an HTC temperature of 220°C,the use of OMWW considerably increased the high heating value of the hydrochars from approximately 24.2 MJ/kg to 31.6 MJ/kg. According to the van Krevelen diagram of feedstock and derived hydrochars, dehydration was the predominant carbonization reaction for both liquid sources. Morphological characterization of both sets of hydrochars indicated the generation of specific carbon nuclei when using DW while OMWW led to the creation of hydrochar with a less homogeneous surface.Structural analysis revealed the heterogeneous aspect of the hydrochar surface with an abundance of crystallized metal-based inorganic salts

Grapevine Botryosphaeria dieback fungi have specific aggressiveness factor repertory involved in wood decay and stilbene metabolization

<div><p>Grapevine trunk diseases: Eutypa dieback, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback, which incidence has increased recently, are associated with several symptoms finally leading to the plant death. In the absence of efficient treatments, these diseases are a major problem for the viticulture; however, the factors involved in disease progression are not still fully identified. In order to get a better understanding of Botryosphaeria dieback development in grapevine, we have investigated different factors involved in <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> fungi aggressiveness. We first evaluated the activity of the wood-degrading enzymes of different isolates of <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> and <i>Diplodia seriata</i>, two major fungi associated with Botryosphaeria dieback. We further examinated the ability of these fungi to metabolize major grapevine phytoalexins: resveratrol and δ-viniferin. Our results demonstrate that <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> were characterized by differential wood decay enzymatic activities and have the capacity to rapidly degrade stilbenes. <i>N</i>. <i>parvum</i> is able to degrade parietal polysaccharides, whereas <i>D</i>. <i>seriata</i> has a better capacity to degrade lignin. Growth of both fungi exhibited a low sensitivity to resveratrol, whereas δ-viniferin has a fungistatic effect, especially on <i>N</i>. <i>parvum</i> Bourgogne S-116. We further show that <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> are able to metabolize rapidly resveratrol and δ-viniferin. The best stilbene metabolizing activity was measured for <i>D</i>. <i>seriata</i>. In conclusion, the different <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> isolates are characterized by a specific aggressiveness repertory. Wood and phenolic compound decay enzymatic activities could enable <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> to bypass chemical and physical barriers of the grapevine plant. The specific signature of <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> aggressiveness factors could explain the importance of fungi complexes in synergistic activity in order to fully colonize the host.</p></div