RISKY BEHAVIOR IN COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH ADHD

Individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to engage in risky behavior across the lifespan than those without ADHD. College represents an important developmental phase during which the initiation and escalation of heavy drinking set the stage for lifelong difficulties with alcohol and other drugs (Maggs, 1997). The present study examined patterns of alcohol use, illicit drug use, risky sexual behavior, and risky driving behaviors among 39 college students with ADHD and 60 college students without ADHD. Results suggested that among college students, ADHD, CD, and their comorbidity were differentially associated with patterns of risky behavior. Results from the present study largely support the overarching view that individuals with ADHD engage in higher rates of risky behavior; however, specific findings were at times inconsistent with the existing literature on young adults with ADHD. Further research is needed to examine moderators of the association between ADHD and risky behavior

Identifying Mechanisms Underlying the Association between Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Problematic Alcohol Use in College Students

Students with ADHD represent a significant population on college campuses who have been found to be at risk for problematic alcohol use. Yet little is known about mechanisms underlying the association between ADHD and alcohol-related problems. We examined patterns and consequences of alcohol use in college students with and without ADHD, as well as three possible mediators of the association between ADHD and alcohol-related impairment: (1) self-reported difficulty stopping a drinking session, (2) cue dependency on a behavioral task of response inhibition, and (3) self-reported trait disinhibition. Participants with ADHD reported higher rates of negative consequences of alcohol use relative to the non-ADHD group, despite equivalent rates of alcohol use. In addition, the ADHD group had higher rates of difficulty stopping a drinking session. Difficulty stopping a drinking session mediated the relationship between ADHD and negative consequences of alcohol use. Cue dependency and trait disinhibition did not mediate this relationship. These findings indicate that college students with ADHD are experiencing higher rates of negative consequences of alcohol use relative to their peers without ADHD. Difficulty stopping a drinking session may be one mechanism that explains the relationship between ADHD and alcohol-related problems

Effect of Pigment Volume Concentration on Physical and Chemical Properties of Acrylic Emulsion Paints Assessed using Single-Sided Nmr

Acrylic emulsion paint is one of the most common media employed by 20th century painters. Since early acrylic paintings have begun to require the attention of conservators, scientists are working to characterize the properties of these paints to facilitate conservation efforts. In this study, we report an investigation of the physical and chemical properties of acrylic emulsion paints using single-sided NMR in conjunction with gloss measurements and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry. Combining the data from these techniques gives insight into pigment-binder interactions and the acrylic curing process, showing that as pigment concentration is increased in paints, the amount of binder adsorbed to pigment particles increases, resulting in films with differing relaxation times. Furthermore, pigments with a larger surface area or smaller particle size will have a greater effect on physical properties as concentration increases. This research emphasizes the efficacy of NMR relaxometry in studying cultural heritage objects, and may prompt further study into the effects of pigment concentration on the curing and conservation of acrylic paint films

A study of the Rhode Island schools' science fair and its winners, 1946 through 1949

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Circulating Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2019. Major: Epidemiology. Advisors: Pamela Lutsey, James Pankow. 1 computer file (PDF); xiii, 145 pages.Low circulating magnesium (Mg) or hypomagnesemia is thought to be common, and is traditionally measured by circulating total Mg. Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medication use is also common and has been linked with low circulating Mg. Both low circulating Mg and PPI use have been associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This dissertation further characterizes the complex relationship between circulating Mg and CVD among older adults. Using data from a double-blind pilot Mg supplementation randomized controlled trial, the first manuscript characterizes the interrelationship of different circulating Mg status biomarkers (ionized and total Mg) at baseline and in response to Mg supplementation. Baseline ionized and total Mg were modestly and positively associated. Mg supplementation versus placebo over 10 weeks resulted in increased concentrations of ionized and total Mg. In the second manuscript, we test cross-sectional associations of circulating total Mg with burden of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias as measured over 2 weeks on an ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring patch in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. In this now elderly population, serum Mg was inversely associated with premature ventricular contraction burden. While effect estimates were in the hypothesized direction, we found little evidence of an association between circulating Mg and atrial arrhythmias. These findings were similar even among those without a history of CVD. The third manuscript explores cross-sectional associations of PPI use with circulating total Mg and prospective associations of PPI use, hypomagnesemia and CVD risk in the ARIC study. One in four participants had used a PPI within the last 2 weeks, and PPI users had a greater prevalence of hypomagnesemia than non-users. Additionally, PPI users had modestly elevated risk of CVD; however, presence of hypomagnesemia did not explain this elevated risk of CVD. Collectively, this dissertation helps refine our understanding of Mg homeostasis in relation to CVD

(The) preparation of meta-sulphobenzoic acid by the oxidation of meta-thiocresol.

Typewritten sheets in cover. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

El Nino Influence on Holocene Reef Accretion in Hawai'i

New observations of reef accretion from several locations show that in Hawai'i accretion during early to middle Holocene time occurred in areas where today it is precluded by the wave regime, suggesting an increase in wave energy. Accretion of coral and coralline algae reefs in the Hawaiian Islands today is largely controlled by wave energy. Many coastal areas in the main Hawaiian Islands are periodically exposed to large waves, in particular from North Pacific swell and hurricanes. These are of sufficient intensity to prevent modern net accretion as evidenced by the antecedent nature of the seafloor. Only in areas sheltered from intense wave energy is active accretion observed. Analysis of reef cores reveals patterns of rapid early Holocene accretion in several locations that terminated by middle Holocene time, ca. 5000 yr ago. Previous analyses have suggested that changes in Holocene accretion were a result of reef growth "catching up" to sea level. New data and interpretations indicate that the end of reef accretion in the middle Holocene may be influenced by factors in addition to sea level. Reef accretion histories from the islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Moloka'i may be interpreted to suggest that a change in wave energy contributed to the reduction or termination of Holocene accretion by 5000 yr ago in some areas. In these cases, the decrease in reef accretion occurred before the best estimates of the decrease in relative sea-level rise during the mid-Holocene high stand of sea level in the main Hawaiian Islands. However, reef accretion should decrease following the termination of relative sea-level rise (ca. 3000 yr ago) if reef growth were "catching up" to sea level. Evidence indicates that rapid accretion occurred at these sites in early Holocene time and that no permanent accretion is occurring at these sites today. This pattern persists despite the availability of hard substrate suitable for colonization at a wide range of depths between -30 m and the intertidal zone. We infer that forcing other than relative sea-level rise has altered the natural ability to support reef accretion on Hawaiian insular shelves. The limiting factor in these areas today is wave energy. Numbers of both large North Pacific swell events and hurricanes in Hawai'i are greater during El Nino years. We infer that if these major reef-limiting forces were suppressed, net accretion would occur in some areas in Hawai'i that are now wave-limited. Studies have shown that El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was significantly weakened during early-mid Holocene time, only attaining an intensity similar to the current one ca. 5000 yr ago. We speculate that this shift in ENSO may assist in explaining patterns of Holocene Hawaiian reef accretion that are different from those of the present and apparently not related to relative sea-level rise

Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of meso-Substituted Thien-2-yl Zn(II) Porphyrins

The influence of the thiophene ring on the ground and excited state properties of the porphyrin ring is investigated, when substituted at the meso-position. A series of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-meso-thien-2-yl porphyrins are studied and discussed with respect to the reference compounds zinc(II)-5,10,15,20-tetra(thien-2′-yl)porphyrin (1a) and zinc(II)-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP). The extended conjugated system zinc(II)-5-(5′-(5′′-ethynyl-2′′-thiophenecarboxaldehyde)thien-2′-yl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (4d) is also studied and shows enhanced charge transfer character due to the presence of the terminal aldehyde accepting group. A detailed analysis of ground and excited state UV−vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, laser flash photolysis, and electrochemical data all point toward substantial electronic communication between the central Zn(II) porphyrin ring and the meso-thien-2-yl substituents, which is evident from excited state charge transfer character