Holding U.S. Bank Home Offices Liable for Deposits in Their Foreign Branches

Part I of this Note examines the case law that addresses the issue of U.S. bank home office liability. Part II analyzes U.S. monetary policy provisions that affect deposits held in foreign branches of U.S. banks and the conditions under which a U.S. bank may become a guarantor. Part III argues that the case law holding the U.S. bank home office liable implies a guaranty term into the deposit account contract and frustrates efforts to regulate U.S. monetary policy. This Note concludes that unless appropriate arragements are made between the foreign depositor and the U.S. bank home office, the home office should not be liable for the return of deposits held in its foreign branches

Holding U.S. Bank Home Offices Liable for Deposits in Their Foreign Branches

Part I of this Note examines the case law that addresses the issue of U.S. bank home office liability. Part II analyzes U.S. monetary policy provisions that affect deposits held in foreign branches of U.S. banks and the conditions under which a U.S. bank may become a guarantor. Part III argues that the case law holding the U.S. bank home office liable implies a guaranty term into the deposit account contract and frustrates efforts to regulate U.S. monetary policy. This Note concludes that unless appropriate arragements are made between the foreign depositor and the U.S. bank home office, the home office should not be liable for the return of deposits held in its foreign branches

Relationship Between Religiosity and Marital Satisfication Among Reform Jewish Couples

According to statistics, the current divorce rate in the United States is approximately 50% (Shellenbarger, 2005). Fournier, Olson, and Druckman (1983) developed the Marital Satisfaction Scale to provide a global measure of satisfaction by surveying ten areas of the couple\u27s marriage. These areas include the major categories in ENRICH: i.e. communication, conflict resolution, roles, financial concerns, leisure time, sexual relationship, parenting, family and friends, and religion. Religiosity has been defined and measured through items such as attending religious worship services, the importance of religion in a person\u27s life, and the degree to which people describe themselves as being religious (Sussman & Alexander, 1999). Religious homogamy has been defined as holding similar religious views, while religious heterogamy has beendefined as holding dissimilar religious views (Myers, 2006). From a total accessible population of 1,950 Reform Jewish husbands and wives who were members of a south Florida synagogue, a total of 354 participants (165 husbands and 189 wives) completed the surveys mailed to their homes, for an 18.2% response rate. This exploratory (comparative) and explanatory (correlational) study used independent t-tests, ANOVA, and simple and multiple regression to examine religiosity and marital satisfaction among Reform Jewish couples, and husbands and wives. Results of psychometric analyses indicated both the Religious Homogamy Questionnaire and the Marital Satisfaction Scale had good estimates of reliability for the sample. Results of exploratory factor analyses indicated both measures had multidimensional structures across sub-samples that were inconsistent with prior construct validation studies. Some significant differences in religiosity and marital satisfaction were found according to demographic characteristics, such as length of marriage, occupation level, and employment status. Religiosity was found to be an explanatory variable of marital satisfaction for the total sample and for Reform Jewish wives, but not among Reform Jewish husbands. In testing the religiosity factors as predictors of marital satisfaction, Interpersonal and Social Jewish Relationships was found to be an explanatory variable of marital satisfaction among the total sample. Religious heterogamy was not found to be an explanatory variable, but the regression model for Reform Jewish wives indicated a trend relationship. Structural equation modeling in future studies may further clarify the complex relationships among sociodemographics, religiosity, and marital satisfaction

Hypothesis: Hypermobile Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Is a Determinant of Fetal and Young Infant Bone Strength

Several studies have demonstrated that young infants who present with unexplained fractures have a higher frequency of joint hypermobility, either in themselves or their parents, compared to the general population. The joint hypermobility is often associated with the autosomal dominant hypermobile form of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (h-EDS) in which the mother is far more likely the affected parent. Most of these infants have metabolic bone disease as their radiographs often show poor bone mineralization. Some have alleged these infants were abused, while others have stated infants who have h-EDS or a parent with h-EDS are at increased risk to fracture as a result of a permanent, intrinsic connective tissue abnormality in the bone of the infant with h-EDS.If these infants were not abused and the fractures were from an intrinsic bone abnormality with an increased risk to a fracture, this increased fracture risk would be expected to persist throughout the lifetime of the affected infant. However, this is not the case as the propensity to fracture in these infants is transient with few fractures after 6 months of age. This observation begs for another explanation for the etiology of the increased fracture risk as an infant, but much less so after 6 months of age.I believe there is a different mechanism to explain this transient, increased fracture risk in infants with joint hypermobility from h-EDS born to mothers with h-EDS. In such a mother-infant pair with h-EDS the infant has joint hypermobility and the mother’s uterus has hyperelasticity. I hypothesize that both of these factors cause diminished fetal bone loading when the infant with joint hypermobility strikes the uterus with hyperelasticity. Simple principles of physics are used to demonstrate this. Diminished fetal bone loading causes diminished fetal and young infant bone strength for the first 6 months of life that begins to normalize after about 6 months of age.This hypothesis would explain the transient nature of the increased fracture risk for once born, these factors would cease to be present in the postnatal time period, but their influence would last for about 6 months. This finding has important implications in child abuse investigations of infants with unexplained fractures

The Significance of Macrocephaly or Enlarging Head Circumference in Infants with the Triad: Further Evidence of Mimics of Shaken Baby Syndrome

Infants with the triad (neurologic dysfunction, subdural hematoma [SDH], and retinal hemorrhage) are often diagnosed as victims of shaken baby syndrome. Medical conditions/predisposing factors to developing the triad are often dismissed: short falls, birth-related SDH that enlarges, macrocephaly, sinus/cortical vein thrombosis, and others. Six infants with the triad are described in which child abuse was diagnosed, but parents denied wrongdoing. All 6 had either macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference, which suggested medical explanations. Three infants incurred short falls, 1 had a difficult delivery in which there was likely a rebleed of a birth-related SDH, 1 had a spontaneous SDH associated with increased extra-axial fluid spaces, and 1 had a sinus thrombosis. Following legal proceedings, all 6 infants were returned to their parents, and there has been no child maltreatment in follow-up, suggesting child abuse never happened. The results indicate that alternative medical explanations for causing the triad should be considered and that macrocephaly or an enlarging head circumference raises the possibility of a medical explanation

Workshop on Institutional Aspects of Proliferation Resistance

Prepared for the U.S. Dept. of Energy under Contract no. EN-77-S-02-4571.A000. Organized by the MIT Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, PSIA, and the U.S. Dept. of Energy

Metabolic Bone Disease of Infancy in the Offspring of Mothers With Bariatric Surgery: A Series of 5 Infants in Contested Cases of Child Abuse

Background and aims: Metabolic Bone Disease of Infancy is a multifactorial disorder of bone fragility in infants who typically present under 6 months of age with multiple unexplained fractures. Major risk factors for this disorder relate to the fetal time period and include decreased provision of the essential nutrients for bone formation during pregnancy (calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, and protein), prema- turity, and decreased fetal bone loading. Methods: This study presents 5 infants with multiple unexplained fractures born to women who had prior bariatric surgery in which child abuse was alleged, and the alleged perpetrator denied wrong doing. Results: The radiographic findings showed poor bone mineralization and were consistent with Metabolic Bone Disease of Infancy. Conclusions: Using the Utah Paradigm to understand risk factors for MBDI, the authors believe the nutritional deficiencies that accompany bariatric surgery likely contribute to the bone fragility in these 5 infants. Other risk factors for MBDI were appreciated in 4 of the 5 cases. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was elevated or high-normal suggesting calcium deficiency in 2 cases. We believe infants born to mothers who have had prior bariatric surgery are at increased risk for bone fragility and MBDI during the first 6 months of life