Ультразвуковая обработка металлических изделий и порошков

Performance of elastic elements of automobile manufacturing and agricultural machinery is dependent on the state of the surface layer. Thus, strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, durability and reliability are determined by the state of surface layer of a product, which usually starts the destruction of material. Strengthening processing by superficial plastic deformation superimposed ultrasonic vibrations of high power allows the surface layers of products to create compressive residual stresses and micro- and nanostructured state. A method of ultrasonic treatment of the elastic plate and the inner surfaces of solids of revolution, developed by the authors, as well as ways and means for dispersing powders using powerful ultrasound are proposed.Эксгшуатационные качества упругих элементов изделий автомобильной и сельскохозяйственной техники во многом зависят от состояния поверхностного слоя. Так, прочность, износостойкость, коррозионная стойкость, долговечность и надежность определяются состоянием поверхностного слоя изделия, с которого обычно начинается разрушение материала. Упрочняющая обработка поверхностным пластическим деформированием с наложением ультразвуковых колебаний большой мощности позволяет в поверхностных слоях изделий создать сжимающие остаточные напряжения и микро- и наноструктурное состояние. Предложены способы ультразвуковой обработки упругих пластин и внутренних поверхностей тел вращения, а также способы и устройства для диспергирования порошков с применением мощного ультразвука, разработанные авторами

NeuriteQuant: An open source toolkit for high content screens of neuronal Morphogenesis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To date, some of the most useful and physiologically relevant neuronal cell culture systems, such as high density co-cultures of astrocytes and primary hippocampal neurons, or differentiated stem cell-derived cultures, are characterized by high cell density and partially overlapping cellular structures. Efficient analytical strategies are required to enable rapid, reliable, quantitative analysis of neuronal morphology in these valuable model systems.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we present the development and validation of a novel bioinformatics pipeline called NeuriteQuant. This tool enables fully automated morphological analysis of large-scale image data from neuronal cultures or brain sections that display a high degree of complexity and overlap of neuronal outgrowths. It also provides an efficient web-based tool to review and evaluate the analysis process. In addition to its built-in functionality, NeuriteQuant can be readily extended based on the rich toolset offered by ImageJ and its associated community of developers. As proof of concept we performed automated screens for modulators of neuronal development in cultures of primary neurons and neuronally differentiated P19 stem cells, which demonstrated specific dose-dependent effects on neuronal morphology.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>NeuriteQuant is a freely available open-source tool for the automated analysis and effective review of large-scale high-content screens. It is especially well suited to quantify the effect of experimental manipulations on physiologically relevant neuronal cultures or brain sections that display a high degree of complexity and overlap among neurites or other cellular structures.</p

CD133 Is a Marker of Bioenergetic Stress in Human Glioma

Mitochondria dysfunction and hypoxic microenvironment are hallmarks of cancer cell biology. Recently, many studies have focused on isolation of brain cancer stem cells using CD133 expression. In this study, we investigated whether CD133 expression is regulated by bioenergetic stresses affecting mitochondrial functions in human glioma cells. First, we determined that hypoxia induced a reversible up-regulation of CD133 expression. Second, mitochondrial dysfunction through pharmacological inhibition of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) produced an up-regulation of CD133 expression that was inversely correlated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Third, generation of stable glioma cells depleted of mitochondrial DNA showed significant and stable increases in CD133 expression. These glioma cells, termed rho0 or ρ0, are characterized by an exaggerated, uncoupled glycolytic phenotype and by constitutive and stable up-regulation of CD133 through many cell passages. Moreover, these ρ0 cells display the ability to form “tumor spheroids” in serumless medium and are positive for CD133 and the neural progenitor cell marker, nestin. Under differentiating conditions, ρ0 cells expressed multi-lineage properties. Reversibility of CD133 expression was demonstrated by transfering parental mitochondria to ρ0 cells resulting in stable trans-mitochondrial “cybrid” clones. This study provides a novel mechanistic insight about the regulation of CD133 by environmental conditions (hypoxia) and mitochondrial dysfunction (genetic and chemical). Considering these new findings, the concept that CD133 is a marker of brain tumor stem cells may need to be revised

EFFECT OF ULTRASOUND ACTIVATION OF SHS-CHARGE ON THE FINAL PRODUCT

The paper describes the effect of ultrasound activation of dolomite, which is used for producing refractory material by the SHS method, on the final product. X-ray investigation has demonstrated that ultrasound activation of the initial charge brings about changes in the phase composition of the synthesized product

Decision Analysis for Mobilizing and Retrieving Sludge From Double-Shell Tanks

This decision analysis evaluates alternative technologies for the initial mobilization and retrieval of sludges in double-shell tanks (DSTs). The analysis is from the perspective of the need to move sludges from one DST to another for interim retrieval. It supports the more general decision of which technologies to use to retreive various types of DST waste. The initial analysis is from the perspective of a typical DST with 2 ft of sludge to mobilize. During the course of the analysis, it became clear that it was important to also consider sludge mobilization in support of the high-level waste (HLW) vitrification demonstration plant, and in particular the risks associated with failing to meeting the minimum order requirements for the vendor, as well as the cost of mobilization and retrieval from the HLW vitrification source tanks