Operational performance of the photovoltaic-powered grain mill and water pump at Tangaye, Upper Volta

The first two years of operation of a stand alone photovoltaic (PV) power system for the village of Tangaye, Upper Volta in West Africa are described. The purpose of the experiment was to demonstrate that PV systems could provide reliable electrical power for multiple use applications in remote areas where local technical expertise is limited. The 1.8 kW (peak) power system supplies 120-V (d.c.) electrical power to operate a grain mill, a water pump, and mill building lights for the village. The system was initially sized to pump a part of the village water requirements from an existing improved well, and to meet a portion of the village grain grinding requirements. The data, observations, experiences, and conclusions developed during the first two years of operation are discussed. Reports of tests of the mills used in the project are included

Tunisia Renewable Energy Project systems description report

In 1979, the Agency for International Development (AID) initiated a renewable energy project with the Government of Tunisia to develop an institutional capability to plan and institute renewable energy technologies in a rural area. The specific objective of the district energy applications subproject was to demonstrate solar and wind energy systems in a rural village setting. The NASA Lewis Research Center was asked by the AID Near East Bureau to manage and implement this subproject. This report describes the project and gives detailed desciptions of the various systems

Observations of Extremely Cool Stars

As one part of a program of infrared astronomy carried on at the California Institute of Technology, a survey of the sky in two infrared spectral ranges, 0.68-0.92 μand 2.01- 2.41 μ, is being carried out. The motivation for such a survey is to obtain an unbiased census of objects that emit in the 2.0-2.5-μ atmospheric window; this will, of course, include many ordinary stars, but it might also reveal many potentially interesting objects that would not be included in an a priori selection of objects to be measured. In fact, a number of strikingly red stars have already been found. Since most of these "superred" stars occur in the Milky Way, interstellar reddening may be of some consequence; but in at least a few cases the stars seem to be intrinsically extremely red. These preliminary results seem of sufficient interest to merit brief description at this time

438: SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CEFEPIME INTRAVENOUS PUSH VERSUS PIGGYBACK IN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTEREMIA

Introduction: Gram-negative infections including bacteremia are a major cause of inpatient mortality. Optimizing management is key to improving outcomes. Beta-lactams exhibit optimal antibacterial effects based on the time free concentrations exceed an organism’s minimum inhibitory concentration. Limited data exists assessing outcomes using beta-lactams as intravenous push (IVP) compared to intravenous piggyback (IVPB) in serious infections. This study’s purpose was to compare safety and efficacy of cefepime administered IVP versus IVPB in gram-negative bacteremia. Methods: This was an IRB-approved, retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized January 2014 to December 2021 and administered cefepime for \u3e48 hours for gram-negative bacteremia involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa or AmpC beta-lactamase producing bacteria. Two groups were included: one of patients who received cefepime IVPB and the second of patients who received cefepime IVP. The primary outcome was a desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) on a five-point ordinal scale including clinical cure (no recurrent bacteremia of initial pathogen, antibiotic escalation, or 30-day in-hospital mortality) and neurologic adverse effects during cefepime treatment up to 30 days inpatient or at discharge. Secondary outcomes included antibiotic escalation, time to defervescence, vasopressor use, and in-hospital mortality. A sample of 127 patients per group provided 80% power. Data was analyzed using measures of central tendency and variability, chi-square, student’s T test, and Mann-Whitney U. Results: A total 254 patients were included with 127 per group. DOOR with clinical cure was similar between the IVPB and IVP groups (105 (82.7%) vs. 104 (81.9%); P=0.656). Escalation of therapy was the most common reason for clinical failure in both the IVPB and IVP groups (17 (13.4%) vs. 18 (14.2%); P=0.856). More patients in the IVP group required vasopressors (13 (10.2%) vs. 28 (22.0%); P=0.011). No difference was found in time to defervescence or in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: When compared to cefepime IVPB in gram-negative bacteremia, treatment with IVP showed no significant difference in instances of clinical cure or adverse effects. Further research in a more severely ill population is needed to evaluate safety and efficacy of cefepime IVPB versus IVP

Comparing PRAs with operating experience

Probabilistic Risk Assessment is widely used to estimate the frequencies of rare events, such as nuclear power plant accidents. An obvious question concerns the extent to which PRAs conform to operating experience--that is, do PRAs agree with reality? The authors discuss a formal methodology to address this issue and examine its performance using plant-specific data

Comparison of supplemented free choice corn silage rations with other forage rations for wintering dairy heifers

This publication is a report on Department of Dairy Husbandry research project 55, Diet and Growth--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 8)