L'apprentissage des techniques sportives

Buekers Martinus J. L'apprentissage des techniques sportives. In: Les Cahiers de l'INSEP, n°8, 1994. L’apprentissage des techniques sportives. pp. 1-95

Spatially constrained locomotion under informational conflict

This study investigates the informational based that supports intentional adaptation of locomotion to spatial environmental constraints. A virtual reality setup was used to present subjects with targets providing normal as well as abnormal optical expansion during locomotor pointing (i.e. positioning of a foot on a visible target on the floor during walking). The manipulation dissociated two variables providing temporal information about time-to-passage (TTP): TTPbeta chi which encompasses target expansion, and TTPchi which is independent of target expansion. While a previous study showed TTPchi to be sufficient, the present results reveal that TTPbeta chi may be used when it is available. This finding indicates that both variables play a role that varies according to the circumstances. Furthermore, the present results provide evidence of the operation of a security principle for action in conflicting situations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Interdisciplinary research: a promising approach to investigate elite performance in sports

International audienceWhile the call for interdisciplinary studies has been loud and clear overthe last decade or so, the number of interdisciplinary publications insport sciences is rather limited. One of the reasons for this scarcity is thecomplexity of the research process itself. Still, the combination andintegration of information from different scientific disciplines seems tobe important to better explain how elite performance comes about. Inthis article, we focus on this issue and discuss the advantages of inter-disciplinary research for understanding how elite athletes are able toachieve such high-proficiency levels. The first section provides an over-view of the studies that investigated elite performance in sports. In thesecond section, we focus on the issue of interdisciplinarity and illustratehow the ecological–dynamical approach and the concept of dimen-sional reduction can be used to explain how elite performers copewith the complex nature of sport skills. In the last section, we presenta research outline and some practical considerations that can be helpfulfor researchers who aim to study sport skills from an interdisciplinaryperspective

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

International audienceAfter more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sportsresearch, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. Thecomplexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with anintegrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation ofinterdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the majorconcepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process.Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution(organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological)scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordina-tive structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use aninterdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach forinterdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionalityreduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants ofexpertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence tohelp bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences