Efeito protetor do probiótico Saccharomyces boulardii na infecção por Toxocara canis não se deve à ação direta sobre as larvas

SUMMARY In a previous study our group found that the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii was capable of reducing the intensity of infection in mice with toxocariasis. In order to assess whether the mechanism involved would be a direct action of the probiotic on Toxocara canis larvae, this study was designed. Both probiotics were singly cultivated in plates containing RPMI 1640 medium and T. canis larvae. S. boulardii and B. cereus var. toyoi cultures presented 97.6% and 95.7% of larvae with positive motility, respectively, and absence of color by the dye trypan blue, not representing significant difference to the control group (p >; 0.05). We conclude that none of the probiotics showed in vitro effects on T. canis larvae and that the interaction with the intestinal mucosa is necessary for the development of the protective effect of S. boulardii.RESUMO Em estudo prévio nosso grupo verificou que o probiótico Saccharomyces boulardii foi capaz de reduzir a intensidade de infecção em camundongos com toxocaríase. Este estudo foi elaborado com o objetivo de avaliar se o mecanismo envolvido seria uma ação direta do probiótico sobre as larvas de Toxocara canis. Ambos probióticos foram cultivados, separadamente, em placas com meio RPMI1640 e larvas de T. canis. As culturas com S. boulardii e B. cereus var. toyoi apresentaram, respectivamente, 97,6% e 95,7% das larvas com motilidade positiva e ausência de coloração pelo azul de tripan, não representando diferença significativa do controle (p >; 0,05). Concluímos que nenhum dos probióticos apresentou efeito in vitro sobre as larvas de T. canis e que a interação com a mucosa intestinal é necessária para o desenvolvimento do efeito protetor de S. boulardii

Protective effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 in BALB/c mice infected with Toxocara canis

Human toxocariasis consists of chronic tissue parasitosis that is difficult to treat and control. This study aimed to evaluate the action of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on larvae of Toxocara canis and the effect of IFN-γ cytokine on parasite-host in vivo (1.109 CFU) and in vitro (1.106, 1.107, 1.108, 1.109 CFU) interactions. Four groups of six BALB/c mice were formed: G1 - L. acidophilus supplementation and T. canis infection; G2 - T. canis infection; G3 - L. acidophilus supplementation; and G4 - PBS administration. Mice were intragastrically suplemented with probiotics for 15 days before inoculation and 48 h after inoculation with 100 T. canis eggs. The inoculation of T. canis was also perfomed intragastrically. The recovery of larvae took place through digestion of liver and lung tissues; the evaluation of IFN-γ gene transcription in leukocytes was performed by qPCR. The in vitro test consisted of incubating the probiotic with T. canis larvae. The supplementation of probiotics produced a reduction of 57.7% (p = 0.025) in the intensity of infection of T. canis larvae in mice, whereas in the in vitro test, there was no larvicidal effect. In addition, a decrease in the IFN-γ gene transcription was observed in both, T. canis-infected and uninfected mice, regardless of whether or not they received supplementation. The probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 reduced T. canis infection intensity in mice, however, the probiotic did not have a direct effect on larvae, demonstrating the need of interaction with the host for the beneficial effect of the probiotic to occur. Yet, the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ did not apparently contributed to the observed beneficial effect of probiotics

ELEVATED TRANS-MAMMARY TRANSMISSION OF Toxocara canis LARVAE IN BALB/c MICE

A toxocaríase é zoonose amplamente difundida e considerada importante problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência da transmissão transmamária de Toxocara canis em camundongos BALB/c neonatos amamentados por fêmeas experimentalmente infectadas com 1.200 ovos logo após o parto. Após 50 dias de idade, foi avaliada a presença de larvas em diferentes órgãos dos neonatos. A infecção por via transmamária foi confirmada em 73,9% dos camundongos amamentados por fêmeas infectadas. Estes dados demonstram elevada transmissão transmamária de T. canis e confirmam a importância desta via de transmissão em hospedeiros paratênicos.Toxocariasis is a widespread zoonosis and is considered an important worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of trans-mammary Toxocara canis infection in newborn BALB/c mice nursed by females experimentally infected with 1,200 eggs after delivery. After 50 days of age, the presence of larvae in different organs of the offspring was investigated. Trans-mammary infection was confirmed in 73.9% of the mice that had been nursed by infected females. These data show a high trans-mammary transmission of T. canis and confirm the significance of this transmission route in paratenic hosts

ACALENTO: grupo de acolhimento virtual dos profissionais de saúde de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais.

Os grupos de acolhimento são dispositivos de saúde mental realizados em serviços de saúde e comunidades. O objetivo desse depoimento é narrar a construção do ACALENTO, grupo de acolhimento virtual dos profissionais de saúde de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais. Por meio de metodologia desenvolvida com uso de aplicativo de videoconferência construiu-se o grupo de acolhimento virtual como espaço de escuta e apoio psicossocial dos profissionais de saúde que atuam no enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19 no município. O grupo é realizado em dia e horário que facilitam a participação dos profissionais; suas sessões são coordenadas por profissionais de saúde mental, contando com participação de estudantes. Como recursos de apoio são oferecidos orientações e serviços da rede de atenção psicossocial. O grupo de acolhimento virtual já realizou 10 sessões com participação média de 10 pessoas. O ACALENTO tem revelado a importância de acolher os profissionais de saúde durante e após a pandemia

Byrsonima fagifolia: An integrative study to validate the gastroprotective, healing, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial and mutagenic action

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ethnopharmacological survey indicated leaves of Byrsonima fagifolia Nied. (Malpighiaceae) against gastrointestinal disorders.Aim of the study:The methanolic extract from the leaves of Byrsonima fagifolia (denominated BF)was evaluated for toxic, mutagenic, gastroprotective, antidiarrheal, antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. Materials and methods: The preventive and healing action of BF against gastric ulcer was evaluated in experimental models in rodents. We evaluated immunomodulatory (by murine peritoneal macrophages), antidiarrheal (by induced diarrhea with castor oil and intestinal motility) and antibacterial action of BF against standard strain of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori. The safety of use of BF was also evaluated by mutagenic (Ames assay) and by analyses of toxicity parameters.Results: Phytochemical BF profile indicated the presence of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties. BF significantly inhibited gastric lesions induced by ethanol and HCl/ethanol and endogenous mucosal sulphydryl groups (SHs) participated efficaciously in BF gastroprotection. of blocked development of inflammation process and also has antidiarrheal actions. This extract accelerated the healing of the gastric ulcerated mucosa by stimulating proliferative factors and by increasing production of gastric mucus with no toxic action. The substances responsible for the protective action are concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction that demonstrated no mutagenic action in vitro.Conclusions: Byrsonima fagifolia presents gastroprotective, healing and antidiarrheal activities supporting previous claims that its traditional use by Brazilians can treat these gastrointestinal ailments. Published by Elsevier B.V.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq