Mechanisms of biological effects of compounds obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of apple pectin

Jabuka (Malus domestica Borkh) je od davnina poznata po svojim pozitivnim nutritivnim i lekovitim svojstvima pa je njen hemijski sastav intenzivno proučavan. Za pektin iz jabuka, kao i iz drugih izvora npr. citrusnog voća, je poznato da pozitivno utiče na gastrointestinalni trakt, dominantno putem uticaja na gastrointestinalnu mikrobiotu. Pretpostavka je da se taj uticaj uglavnom ostvaruje preko njegove polimerne strukture i slabe rastvorljivosti. Mi smo derivatizovali pektin primenom alkalne hidrolize u prisustvu vodonik peroksida. Dobijeni proizvod okarakterisali smo FTIR spektroskopijom i pokazali da u odnosu na polazni materijal ima simetrične i asimetrične vibracije istezanja karboksilatnih grupa. Ovo indukuje mogućnost da dobijeni derivat ima specifične reakcije sa hidroksilnim radikalima koji nastaju u Fentonovoj reakciji in vitro, a uslovi za postojanje Fentonove reakcije in vivo postoje u gastrointestinalnom traktu u prisustvu Fe i vitamina C. Ispitivanja EPR spektroskopijom pokazala su da derivat jabučnog pektina u sistemu Fentonove reakcije podstiče stvaranje ugljen-dioksid radikalskog anjona (•CO2 - radikala) umesto hidroksidnog radikala. Za ovaj radikal su prethodna ispitivanja pokazala da ima duži poluživot od hidroksidnog radikala i da specifično reaguje sa određenim proteinima. To ukazuje na mogućnost da derivat pektina koji smo mi dobili u gastrointestinalnom traktu ima dodatno pozitivne efekte putem direktnog uticaja na mikrobiotu. Stoga smo ispitali antimikrobnu aktivnost pektina i njegovih derivata i pokazali, da derivati pektina dobijeni alkalnom hidrolizom jabučnog pektina (APDO) sprečavaju rast Saccharomyces cerevisiae i Candide albicans, dok nemaju uticaj na rast Escherichia coli i Staphylococcus aureus...Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) has long been known for its positive nutritive and medical properties, so its chemical composition has been intensively studied. For apple pectin, as well as from other sources e.g. citrus fruit, is known that have positive effect on gastrointestinal tract, predominantly through the influence to gastrointestinal microbiota. The assumption is that this effect is mainly achieved through its polymeric structure and poor solubility. We have derivatized pectin using alkaline hydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The obtained product was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and showed symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the carboxylate groups in comparing with the starting material. This induces the possibility that the resulting derivative has specific reactions with the hydroxyl radicals formed in the Fenton reaction in vitro, and the conditions for the existence of a Fenton reaction in vivo exist in the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of Fe and vitamin C. EPR spectroscopy studies have shown that the apple pectin derivative in the Fenton reaction system induces the formation of carbon dioxide radicals anion (•CO2 - radicals) instead of hydroxyl radicals. Preliminary studies for this radical have shown that it has a longer half-life than hydroxyl radicals and specifically reacts with certain proteins. This indicates the possibility that the pectin derivative that we get has additional positive effects in the gastrointestinal tract through the direct impact on the microbiota. Therefore, we examined antimicrobial effect of pectin and its derivatives and showed that the pectin derivatives obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of apple pectin (APDO) inhibited the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candide albicans and had no influence on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We also analyzed the effects of pectin derivatives (apple and citrus) and oligosaccharides derived from polygalacturonic acid (APDO, CPDO and PGDO) on the growth of one Gram-negative representative strain of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and one Gram-positive representative strain of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of substances that imitate conditions in a gastrointestinal tract that favors the Fenton reaction..

The role of neurophysiological methods in the confirmation of brain death

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Clinical Indicators of Bone Deterioration in Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis and Chronic Alcohol Abuse: Looking beyond Bone Fracture Occurrence

Although previous studies indicated that chronic alcohol abuse (CAA) and alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) are associated with increased bone fragility, understanding bone fragility determinants is still modest in these individuals. We used a comprehensive individualized clinical fracture risk assessment approach (vertebral osteodensitometry, femoral osteodensitometry and geometry, and serum bone turnover biomarkers) to compare adult male patients with ALC who have not previously had femoral or vertebral fractures (n = 39), patients with CAA (without liver cirrhosis, n = 78) who have not previously had femoral or vertebral fractures and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 43). Our data suggested that intertrochanteric bone mineral density was significantly lower in ALC and CAA patients than in controls. Also, the trabecular bone score was considerably lower in ALC patients compared with CAA and control individuals. The most significant inter-group differences in femoral geometry were noted on the femoral shaft. Patients with ALC and CAA have a higher 10-year risk of major osteoporotic fractures compared to the controls. Analysis of bone turnover biomarkers showed increased osteoprotegerin and beta-C-terminal telopeptide serum concentrations and decreased insulin growth factor-1 concentrations in patients with ALC compared to CAA and control groups. Our data revealed that bone alterations are present in patients with ALC and CAA even if they did not sustain a nontraumatic bone fracture, but it is also indicative that current bone-assessing clinical methods are not entirely reliable. Thus, future studies should focus on developing a reliable integrative clinical tool that can be used to accurately predict and prevent bone fracture occurrences in patients with ALC and CAA

Apple pectin-derived oligosaccharides produce carbon dioxide radical anion in Fenton reaction and prevent growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Pectin is the main soluble fiber in apples or citruses. It may be fermented by gut microbiota to metabolites showing local intestinal and systemic effects. A wide range of beneficial effects of dietary pectin includes impacts on the redox milieu and microbiota profile. We prepared pectin-derived oligosaccharides (apple (APDO) and citrus) and polygalacturonic acid-derived oligosaccharides, using alkaline hydrolysis by hydrogen peroxide, and analyzed them by Foufier Transform Infrared spectrometry. Furthermore, we analyzed the effects of pectin derived oligosaccharides on hydroxyl radical (HO center dot)-generating Fenton reaction using electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping spectroscopy, and the effects on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus minus in the presence of dietary-relevant HO center dot-generating system (iron + ascorbate). The oligosaccharides react with HO center dot radical to produce carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2 center dot (-)). A comparative analysis showed that APDO has the most prominent bacteriostatic effect. This might be at least partially related to the higher capacity of APDO to produce CO2 center dot (-), which specifically targets proteins and appears to have a longer lifetime and larger diffusion radius in biological systems compared to HO center dot.The peer-reviewed version: [http://cer.ihtm.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3043

Quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease

Background/Aim. Quality of life is impaired in patients with the chronic liver disease (CLD). Patients with this disease have numerous disabling problems which lead to a reduced health related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive value of selected socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on HRQoL in Serbian cohort of patients with the CLD. Methods. Over a period of one year, we performed a study which included patients with the CLD. We used Short Form Health Survay-36 (SF-36) for assessment of HRQoL. The assessment of depression and anxiety was made by using Hamilton scale of depression and anxiety, while the assessment of fatigue was performed by Fatigue severity scale. Results. The study included 103 patients with the CLD. The average values of the overall SF-36 scores were 52.6 ± 20.4, while the mean score of the composite scores were 53.5 ± 19.6 for the Mental component summary and 49.8 ± 21.3 for the Physical component summary. Some domains of HRQoL were significantly affected by following factors: gender, age, employment status, alcohol consumption, depression, anxiety and fatigue. Predictors of physical components of HRQoL were employment, depression and fatigue, and predictors of mental components were depression and fatigue. Conclusion. The tested socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral factors have an impact on the HRQoL in patients with the CLD. The most important predictors of HRQoL are behavioral factors suggesting the need for an adequate therapeutic action in order to improve the HRQoL in these patients

Novi proizvod i tehnologija za: „Dopunska formula mleka za decu stariju od godinu dana - Impamil® MIL 3“, Proizvodjač „Impamil®“ doo, Beograd-Zemun Na tržištu!

Istraživanje, razvoj i primena rezultata u oblasti dizajniranja, formulisanja, osvajanja tehnologija i proizvodnja i plasman novih dijetetskih proizvoda-namirnica iz kategorija infant formula, prelaznih formula i hrane za decu do 3 godine, kao i specijalnih formulacija za posebne (medicinske) namene u uspešnoj, korektnoj, kolegijalnoj i tolerantnoj saradnji CH-IHTM i “Impamil” doo su dobar zalog za nove primene i stalna usavršavanja postojećih proizvoda prema savremenim rezultatima nauke o biohemiji hrane i ishrane i pedijatrije i zahtevima medjunarodne napredne regulative i legislative

Novi proizvod i tehnologija za: „Formulacija pet mlečnih kašica ’Impamil-MIL MLEČNE KAŠICE’ bez glutenskih cerealija i uspostavljanje tehnologije za proizvodnju“ - Na tržištu!

Istraživanje, razvoj i primena rezultata u oblasti dizajniranja, formulisanja, osvajanja tehnologija i proizvodnja i plasman novih dijetetskih proizvoda-namirnica iz kategorija infant formula, prelaznih formula i hrane za decu do 3 godine, kao i specijalnih formulacija za posebne (medicinske) namene u uspešnoj, korektnoj, kolegijalnoj i tolerantnoj saradnji CH-IHTM i “Impamil” doo su dobar zalog za nove primene i stalna usavršavanja postojećih proizvoda prema savremenim rezultatima nauke o biohemiji hrane i ishrane i pedijatrije i zahtevima medjunarodne napredne regulative i legislative.Proizvodjač „Impamil“ doo, Beograd-Zemun (Ugovor od 07. 04. 2009. izmedju „Impamil“ doo i Centra za hemiju IHTM, brojevi 07-1 i 219/09)

Novi proizvod i tehnologija za: Specijalna mlečna formula bez laktoze, za ishranu odojčadi i male dece sa intolerancijom laktoze i dijarejom ’Impamil-MIL FL’“ - Na tržištu!

Istraživanje, razvoj i primena rezultata u oblasti dizajniranja, formulisanja, osvajanja tehnologija i proizvodnja i plasman novih dijetetskih proizvoda-namirnica iz kategorija infant formula, prelaznih formula i hrane za decu do 3 godine, kao i specijalnih formulacija za posebne (medicinske) namene u uspešnoj, korektnoj, kolegijalnoj i tolerantnoj saradnji CH-IHTM i “Impamil” doo su dobar zalog za nove primene i stalna usavršavanja postojećih proizvoda prema savremenim rezultatima nauke o biohemiji hrane i ishrane i pedijatrije i zahtevima medjunarodne napredne regulative i legislative.Proizvodjač „Impamil“ doo, Beograd-Zemun (Ugovor od 07. 04. 2009. izmedju „Impamil“ doo i Centra za hemiju IHTM, brojevi 07-1 i 219/09)

Novi proizvod i tehnologija za: „Formulacija pet mlečnih kašica ’Impamil-MIL MLEČNE KAŠICE’ bez glutenskih cerealija i uspostavljanje tehnologije za proizvodnju“ - Na tržištu!

Istraživanje, razvoj i primena rezultata u oblasti dizajniranja, formulisanja, osvajanja tehnologija i proizvodnja i plasman novih dijetetskih proizvoda-namirnica iz kategorija infant formula, prelaznih formula i hrane za decu do 3 godine, kao i specijalnih formulacija za posebne (medicinske) namene u uspešnoj, korektnoj, kolegijalnoj i tolerantnoj saradnji CH-IHTM i “Impamil” doo su dobar zalog za nove primene i stalna usavršavanja postojećih proizvoda prema savremenim rezultatima nauke o biohemiji hrane i ishrane i pedijatrije i zahtevima medjunarodne napredne regulative i legislative.Proizvodjač „Impamil“ doo, Beograd-Zemun (Ugovor od 07. 04. 2009. izmedju „Impamil“ doo i Centra za hemiju IHTM, brojevi 07-1 i 219/09)

Novi proizvod i tehnologija za: Specijalna mlečna formula bez laktoze, za ishranu odojčadi i male dece sa intolerancijom laktoze i dijarejom ’Impamil-MIL FL’“ - Na tržištu!

Istraživanje, razvoj i primena rezultata u oblasti dizajniranja, formulisanja, osvajanja tehnologija i proizvodnja i plasman novih dijetetskih proizvoda-namirnica iz kategorija infant formula, prelaznih formula i hrane za decu do 3 godine, kao i specijalnih formulacija za posebne (medicinske) namene u uspešnoj, korektnoj, kolegijalnoj i tolerantnoj saradnji CH-IHTM i “Impamil” doo su dobar zalog za nove primene i stalna usavršavanja postojećih proizvoda prema savremenim rezultatima nauke o biohemiji hrane i ishrane i pedijatrije i zahtevima medjunarodne napredne regulative i legislative.Proizvodjač „Impamil“ doo, Beograd-Zemun (Ugovor od 07. 04. 2009. izmedju „Impamil“ doo i Centra za hemiju IHTM, brojevi 07-1 i 219/09)