An Analysis Of The Temporal Evolution Of Agrarian Prices

At the end of 2007 and principles of 2008 took place the greater nourishing crisis of the last decades. This crisis was caused by a spectacular increase in the prices of some agricultural raw materials and in the costs of the agrarian production. Since the end of 2008 the prices of the agricultural raw materials have decreased with similar intensity as when they raised. In the upward period, the increases of prices quickly were moved to the final consumer prices without great impact in the farmer’s income but when the prices decreased they do not allow seeing so fast in the final consumers prices. In this paper, we analyse the evolution of the agricultural activity results over the last years. In order to do so, we consider the prices of agricultural raw materials and products made with these, without forgetting the production costs. This study analyses the evolution of: the differential between the producer (farmer and stockman) prices and the prices charged for agrarian products to the final consumers and the differential between the producer price and the production cost

Analysis Of Hotel Internet Booking Users

The number of tourist products sold on the Internet has increased remarkably in recent years. The hotel industry has figured prominently in this boom due to hotel bookings made via the Internet becoming increasingly popular. The reason for this upturn in online bookings is, in many cases, the possibility of booking at any time and the possible existence of lower prices. In order to achieve these lower prices, consumers must accept certain restrictions or conditions that hotels use to manage demand through yield management strategies.This paper analyses hotel Internet booking users in order to ascertain their socio-demographic characteristics and behaviour in regard to online purchase decisions. The ultimate goal is therefore to determine a user profile. With this information, hotel managers will be able to manage Internet hotel bookings

The effect of the economic crisis on the behaviour of airline ticket prices. A case-study analysis of the New York–Madrid route

The effect of external factors such as the economic situation on airline ticket price behaviour has not been examined in the specialised literature. In this paper, we analyse the effect of the economic crisis on the behaviour of the prices offered via several types of intermediaries over time. We chose to examine the Madrid–New York route because of its high demand which provides us with a sufficient number of flights and it is used for both business and leisure trips. We used round-trip fares posted on-line, from two months prior to departure, in order to replicate real travellers’ behaviour when making reservations. We chose flights in 2009 and 2013 departing on 18th June and returning eight days later on 26th June, in order to avoid peak holiday times. The results show that the economic crisis has affected price behaviour both in terms of price level and dispersion, with a clear increase in price level and decrease in price dispersion. Moreover, the economic crisis has reduced the usual marked increase in average price that takes place as the flight departure date approaches

Development of a prediction model for postoperative pneumonia A multicentre prospective observational study

BACKGROUND Postoperative pneumonia is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs. Prediction models of pneumonia that are currently available are based on retrospectively collected data and administrative coding systems. OBJECTIVE To identify independent variables associated with the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia. DESIGN A prospective observational study of a multicentre cohort (Prospective Evaluation of a RIsk Score for postoperative pulmonary COmPlications in Europe database). SETTING Sixty-three hospitals in Europe. PATIENTS Patients undergoing surgery under general and/or regional anaesthesia during a 7-day recruitment period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia. Definition: the need for treatment with antibiotics for a respiratory infection and at least one of the following criteria: new or changed sputum; new or changed lung opacities on a clinically indicated chest radiograph; temperature more than 38.3 degrees C; leucocyte count more than 12 000 mu l(-1). RESULTS Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 120 out of 5094 patients (2.4%). Eighty-two of the 120 (68.3%) patients with pneumonia required ICU admission, compared with 399 of the 4974 (8.0%) without pneumonia (P < 0.001). We identified five variables independently associated with postoperative pneumonia: functional status [odds ratio (OR) 2.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58 to 3.12], pre-operative SpO(2) values while breathing room air (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.84), intra-operative colloid administration (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.94 to 3.99), intra-operative blood transfusion (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.41 to 4.71) and surgical site (open upper abdominal surgery OR 3.98, 95% CI 2.19 to 7.59). The model had good discrimination (c-statistic 0.89) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P = 0.572). CONCLUSION We identified five variables independently associated with postoperative pneumonia. The model performed well and after external validation may be used for risk stratification and management of patients at risk of postoperative pneumonia

Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and History of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Insights from GARFIELD-AF

BACKGROUND: Many patients with atrial fibrillation have concomitant coronary artery disease with or without acute coronary syndromes and are in need of additional antithrombotic therapy. There are few data on the long-term clinical outcome of atrial fibrillation patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. This is a 2-year study of atrial fibrillation patients with or without a history of acute coronary syndromes

Analysis of Outcomes in Ischemic vs Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation A Report From the GARFIELD-AF Registry

IMPORTANCE Congestive heart failure (CHF) is commonly associated with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and their combination may affect treatment strategies and outcomes