Inferring telescope polarization properties through spectral lines without linear polarization

We present a technique to determine the polarization properties of a telescope through observations of spectral lines that have no intrinsic linear polarization signals. For such spectral lines, any observed linear polarization must be induced by the telescope optics. We apply the technique to observations taken with the SPINOR at the DST and demonstrate that we can retrieve the characteristic polarization properties of the DST at three wavelengths of 459, 526, and 615 nm. We determine the amount of crosstalk between the intensity Stokes I and the linear and circular polarization states Stokes Q, U, and V, and between Stokes V and Stokes Q and U. We fit a set of parameters that describe the polarization properties of the DST to the observed crosstalk values. The values for the ratio of reflectivities X and the retardance tau match those derived with the telescope calibration unit within the error bars. Residual crosstalk after applying a correction for the telescope polarization stays at a level of 3-10%. We find that it is possible to derive the parameters that describe the polarization properties of a telescope from observations of spectral lines without intrinsic linear polarization signal. Such spectral lines have a dense coverage (about 50 nm separation) in the visible part of the spectrum (400-615 nm), but none were found at longer wavelengths. Using spectral lines without intrinsic linear polarization is a promising tool for the polarimetric calibration of current or future solar telescopes such as DKIST.Comment: 22 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Arrest of flow and emergence of activated processes at the glass transition of a suspension of particles with hard sphere-like interactions

By combining aspects of the coherent and self intermediate scattering functions, measured by dynamical light scattering on a suspension of hard sphere-like particles, we show that the arrest of particle number density fluctuations spreads from the position of the main structure factor peak. Taking the velocity auto-correlation function into account we propose that as density fluctuations are arrested the system's ability to respond to diffusing momentum currents is impaired and, accordingly, the viscosity increases. From the stretching of the coherent intermediate scattering function we read a quantitative manifestation of the undissipated thermal energy, the source of those, ergodicity restoring, processes that short-circuit the sharp transition to a perfect glass.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure

On the Born-Oppenheimer approximation of diatomic molecular resonances

We give a new reduction of a general diatomic molecular Hamiltonian, without modifying it near the collision set of nuclei. The resulting effective Hamiltonian is the sum of a smooth semiclassical pseudodifferential operator (the semiclassical parameter being the inverse of the square-root of the nuclear mass), and a semibounded operator localised in the elliptic region corresponding to the nuclear collision set. We also study its behaviour on exponential weights, and give several applications where molecular resonances appear and can be well located.Comment: 22 page

A Lloyd-model generalization: Conductance fluctuations in one-dimensional disordered systems

We perform a detailed numerical study of the conductance $G$ through one-dimensional (1D) tight-binding wires with on-site disorder. The random configurations of the on-site energies $\epsilon$ of the tight-binding Hamiltonian are characterized by long-tailed distributions: For large $\epsilon$, $P(\epsilon)\sim 1/\epsilon^{1+\alpha}$ with $\alpha\in(0,2)$. Our model serves as a generalization of 1D Lloyd's model, which corresponds to $\alpha=1$. First, we verify that the ensemble average $\left\langle -\ln G\right\rangle$ is proportional to the length of the wire $L$ for all values of $\alpha$, providing the localization length $\xi$ from $\left\langle-\ln G\right\rangle=2L/\xi$. Then, we show that the probability distribution function $P(G)$ is fully determined by the exponent $\alpha$ and $\left\langle-\ln G\right\rangle$. In contrast to 1D wires with standard white-noise disorder, our wire model exhibits bimodal distributions of the conductance with peaks at $G=0$ and $1$. In addition, we show that $P(\ln G)$ is proportional to $G^\beta$, for $G\to 0$, with $\beta\le\alpha/2$, in agreement to previous studies.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Optimized Multimode Interference Fiber Based Refractometer in A Reflective Interrogation Scheme

A fiber based refractometer in a reflective interrogation scheme is investigated and optimized. A thin gold film was deposited on the tip of a coreless fiber section, which is spliced with a single mode fiber. The coreless fiber is a multimode waveguide, and the observed effects are due to multimode interference. To investigate and optimize the structure, the multimode part of the sensor is built with 3 different lengths: 58 mm, 29 mm and 17 mm. We use a broadband light source ranging from 1475 nm to 1650 nm and we test the sensors with liquids of varying refractive indices, from 1.333 to 1.438. Our results show that for a fixed wavelength, the sensor sensitivity is independent of the multimode fiber length, but we observed a sensitivity increase of approximately 0.7 nm/RIU for a one-nanometer increase in wavelength