Artificial Light Increases Local Predator Abundance, Predation Rates, and Herbivory.

Human activity is rapidly increasing the radiance and geographic extent of artificial light at night (ALAN) leading to alterations in the development, behavior, and physiological state of many organisms. A limited number of community-scale studies investigating the effects of ALAN have allowed for spatial aggregation through positive phototaxis, the commonly observed phenomenon of arthropod movement toward light. We performed an open field study (without restricted arthropod access) to determine the effects of ALAN on local arthropod community composition, plant traits, and local herbivory and predation rates. We found strong positive phototaxis in 10 orders of arthropods, with increased (159% higher) overall arthropod abundance under ALAN compared to unlit controls. The arthropod community under ALAN was more diverse and contained a higher proportion of predaceous arthropods (15% vs 8%). Predation of immobilized flies occurred 3.6 times faster under ALAN; this effect was not observed during the day. Contrary to expectations, we also observed a 6% increase in herbivory under ALAN. Our results highlight the importance of open experimental field studies in determining community-level effects of ALAN

We Shape the Land: Environmental Decision Making and Climate Justice

Land is central to the identity, culture, and social movements of California Native people. The environmental conditions created by California Native natural resource stewardship included larger salmon populations, more fire resilient landscapes, abundant wildlife, and more productive berry, acorn and basketry plants (Anderson 2013, Lake and Long 2014). In resistance to over a century of direct, state-sponsored genocide and violence, California Native land stewardship practices endure. These practices are described in many disciplines as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), Indigenous science, or local knowledge. Indigenous knowledge provides a vision of a future that extends beyond the settler visions of crisis that are currently driving land stewardship in California and instead offer specific critiques and replacements for settler institutions. The following chapters offer grounded examples of how Indigenous knowledge, theory, and practice can transform forest and wildlife stewardship in California.Chapter 1: Environmental justice in forest management decision-making: challenges and opportunities in California In this study, we evaluated the forest management decisions made by California’s ambitious Forest Health Program (https://www.fire.ca.gov/grants/forest-health/) with regard to environmental justice policy. Based on our evaluation, we developed inclusive recommendations for improved application of EJ criteria to better recognize rural and Indigenous communities, including a rubric that would help better assess project applications for the Forest Health Program or similar programs. Chapter 2: Back to the Future: Indigenous Relationality, Kincentricity and the North American Model of Wildlife Management Case studies presented here reflect the importance of relational approaches in shifting and expanding wildlife stewardship towards a caretaking ethic that recognizes the agency of wildlife and our collective responsibility to create thriving ecosystems. Indigenous-led wildlife stewardship brings us closer to climate and environmental justice because it expresses an Indigenous futurity beyond avoiding crisis and moves us towards thriving and interwoven social ecological systems. This perspective is a critical expansion of current state-led approaches that rely on the NAM. We conclude that approaches developed based on Indigenous stewardship concepts of kincentricity and radical relationality offer enormous potential for a broader ecosystem focus that is intentional about healing the land and the relationships to culture that ensure long term caretaking both of Indigenous homelands and critical habitat. Chapter 3: Place based learning and cross-cultural partnership for an Indigenous Fire Future In this chapter, we discuss the Keepers of the Flame project, an intercultural coalition developed at University of California, Davis, promoting cultural exchange and experiential learning around fire. We highlight how these cultural burning workshops that are held by Indigenous fire practitioners engage Indigenous fire knowledge; construct healthier relationships between land, fire, and people; and envision Indigenous fire futures based on justice, collaboration, and cultural revitalization. We address concerns surrounding knowledge sharing, specifically the risk of commodification and appropriation of Indigenous knowledge. We discuss how intercultural learning conducted ethically can build collective action fortified against extractive tendencies perpetuated by crisis epistemologies

Evolution and expansion of the One Health approach to promote sustainable and resilient health and well-being: A call to action

One Health is a transdisciplinary approach used to address complex concerns related to human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health. One Health frameworks and operational tools are available to support countries and communities, particularly for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance and the protection of food safety. However, One Health has yet to be implemented in a manner that fully considers the complexities and interconnectedness of the diverse influences that have impacts at a larger system level. This lack of consideration can undermine the sustainability of any positive outcomes. To ensure the One Health approach can function effectively within the new global context of converging and escalating health, social, economic, and ecological crises, it must evolve and expand in three overlapping dimensions: (1) Scope: the partners, knowledge, and knowledge systems included, (2) Approach: the techniques, methodologies, and scholarship considered, and (3) Worldview inclusivity: the interweaving of other worldviews together with the mainstream scientific worldview that currently predominates. Diverse partners and knowledge from outside the mainstream health and scientific sectors, including Indigenous peoples and representatives of local communities, and traditionally generated knowledge, must be included. These systems of knowledge can then be braided together with mainstream science to comprise a holistic framework for decision-making. Scholarship and methodologies being applied in other fields and contexts to solve complex challenges and manage uncertainty, such as collaborative governance, social-ecologic systems theory, and complexity science, must be recognized and incorporated. The spectrum of considered worldviews must also expand to authentically integrate the expanded scope and approach into action and sustainable impact. By increasing community and social engagement and by recognizing and entwining different worldviews, the plurality of disciplines, and traditional and scientific ways of knowing to address community concerns in the contexts in which they exist, we can ensure that One Health remains effective and true to its paradigm in our rapidly changing and complex world

Evolution and expansion of the One Health approach to promote sustainable and resilient health and well-being : A call to action

One Health is a transdisciplinary approach used to address complex concerns related to human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health. One Health frameworks and operational tools are available to support countries and communities, particularly for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance and the protection of food safety. However, One Health has yet to be implemented in a manner that fully considers the complexities and interconnectedness of the diverse influences that have impacts at a larger system level. This lack of consideration can undermine the sustainability of any positive outcomes. To ensure the One Health approach can function effectively within the new global context of converging and escalating health, social, economic, and ecological crises, it must evolve and expand in three overlapping dimensions: (1) Scope: the partners, knowledge, and knowledge systems included, (2) Approach: the techniques, methodologies, and scholarship considered, and (3) Worldview inclusivity: the interweaving of other worldviews together with the mainstream scientific worldview that currently predominates. Diverse partners and knowledge from outside the mainstream health and scientific sectors, including Indigenous peoples and representatives of local communities, and traditionally generated knowledge, must be included. These systems of knowledge can then be braided together with mainstream science to comprise a holistic framework for decision-making. Scholarship and methodologies being applied in other fields and contexts to solve complex challenges and manage uncertainty, such as collaborative governance, social-ecologic systems theory, and complexity science, must be recognized and incorporated. The spectrum of considered worldviews must also expand to authentically integrate the expanded scope and approach into action and sustainable impact. By increasing community and social engagement and by recognizing and entwining different worldviews, the plurality of disciplines, and traditional and scientific ways of knowing to address community concerns in the contexts in which they exist, we can ensure that One Health remains effective and true to its paradigm in our rapidly changing and complex world

Portadores de bacterias multirresistentes de importancia clínica en áreas críticas (UCI-UCIN) de un hospital al norte del Perú

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de portadores de bacterias multirresistentes (BMR) y su perfil de resistencia en áreas críticas (UCI-UCIN) de un hospital público al norte del Perú (HRL).Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal durante febrero - mayo 2015 en 48 pacientes y 32 personales de salud. Se consideraron 4 regiones anatómicas para el muestreo y emplearon medios suplementados con antibióticos para el aislamiento primario de BMR. El fenotipo de resistencia fue confirmado por los test de Jarlier, Hodge modificado y susceptibilidad a cefoxitin.Resultados: La frecuencia de portadores de BMR en pacientes y personal asistencial fue del 79,1% y 3,1% respectivamente, además el 89,5% de pacientes ya eran portadores al momento de la admisión procedentes principalmente del servicio de emergencia, siendo la región ano-rectal la principal fuente de aislamientos con 75,0%. Así mismo se determinó que la producción de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) fue el principal fenotipo de resistencia con 77,65%, seguido de la producción de carbapenemasas y meticilino resistencia con 14.2% y 8.24% respectivamente.Conclusiones: Este estudio revela la alta frecuencia de portadores de bacterias multirresistentes en pacientes de áreas críticas del HRL y que la mayoría de estos ingresan ya colonizados principalmente en la región ano-rectal

Artificial Light Increases Local Predator Abundance, Predation Rates, and Herbivory.

Human activity is rapidly increasing the radiance and geographic extent of artificial light at night (ALAN) leading to alterations in the development, behavior, and physiological state of many organisms. A limited number of community-scale studies investigating the effects of ALAN have allowed for spatial aggregation through positive phototaxis, the commonly observed phenomenon of arthropod movement toward light. We performed an open field study (without restricted arthropod access) to determine the effects of ALAN on local arthropod community composition, plant traits, and local herbivory and predation rates. We found strong positive phototaxis in 10 orders of arthropods, with increased (159% higher) overall arthropod abundance under ALAN compared to unlit controls. The arthropod community under ALAN was more diverse and contained a higher proportion of predaceous arthropods (15% vs 8%). Predation of immobilized flies occurred 3.6 times faster under ALAN; this effect was not observed during the day. Contrary to expectations, we also observed a 6% increase in herbivory under ALAN. Our results highlight the importance of open experimental field studies in determining community-level effects of ALAN