Diferencias de género en los motivos de práctica deportiva de la juventud en España

En la última década se ha observado una evolución hacia comportamientos de ocio más pasivos en la juventud española (INJUVE, 2008). Su tasa de práctica deportiva se ha estabilizado, observándose una menor participación de las mujeres, y, aunque se concretan los motivos por los que la juventud practica deporte, no se especifican las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en los motivos por los que practican deporte (García Ferrando, 2006). Profundizar en el conocimiento de las diferencias por las que chicas y chicos practican deporte puede posibilitar que las organizaciones deportivas adapten su oferta a las diferentes demandas, reduciendo las desigualdades en la participación entre mujeres y hombres. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las diferencias entre los motivos para practicar deporte de los hombres y las mujeres jóvenes en Españ

Diferencias de género en las motivaciones para practicar actividades físico-deportivas en la vejez

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las posibles diferencias de género en las motivaciones por las que las personas mayores practican actividades físico-deportivas. La metodología cuantitativa empleada ha sido entrevista telefónica asistida por ordenador (CATI) a una muestra representativa de la población de mayores en España (440 mujeres y 360 varones entre 65 y 79 años). En mujeres y hombres mayores se conjugan principalmente motivaciones de carácter extrínseco, relacionados con el cuidado y mejora de la salud (62,1% mujeres, 60% hombres), y de carácter intrínseco, como el gusto por la actividad (33,3% mujeres, 32% hombres). Las motivaciones de carácter social, como divertirse, ocupar el tiempo o la recomendación médica tienen una influencia mayor en mujeres mientras que los hombres se refieren a la importancia de la práctica anterior en la práctica actual. Los resultados sugieren que los programas de actividades físico-deportivas para personas mayores deben considerar estas diferencias

Factores asociados a la actividad física y el sedentarismo en los estilos de vida de la juventud española

La comunicación presenta los resultados de un estudio realizado por la Universidad Pablo de Olavide, la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y la Universidad Europea de Madrid, sobre las tendencias culturales en el abandono de la actividad física y el deporte entre la juventud española. El estudio, que está realizándose actualmente gracias a una ayuda concedida por el Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD) (Ref. 007/UPB10/12), analiza cómo la adopción de ese nuevo estilo de vida (sedentario) que está progresivamente afianzándose entre la juventud española puede influir de una manera u otra en la percepción subjetiva de la salud y el bienestar entre este grupo de población

A new pathway for heterogenization of molecular catalysts by non-covalent interactions with carbon nanoreactors

A novel approach to heterogenisation of catalytic molecules is demonstrated using the nanoscale graphitic step-edges inside hollow graphitised carbon nanofibres (GNFs). The presence of the fullerene C60 moiety within a fullerene-salen CuII complex is essential for anchoring the catalyst within the GNF nanoreactor as demonstrated by comparison with the analogous catalyst complex without the fullerene group. The presence of the catalyst at the step-edges of the GNFs is confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with UV/Vis spectroscopy demonstrating only negligible (c.a. 3 %) desorption of the fullerene-salen CuII complex from the GNFs into solution under typical reaction conditions. The catalyst immobilised in GNFs shows good catalytic activity and selectivity towards styrene epoxidation, comparable to the analogous catalyst in solution. Moreover, the fullerene-salen CuII complex in GNFs demonstrates excellent stability and recyclability as it can be readily separated from the reaction mixture and employed in multiple reaction cycles with minimal loss of activity, which is highly advantageous compared to catalysts not stabilised by the graphitic step-edges that desorb rapidly from GNFs

The elemental composition of the Sun II. The iron group elements Sc to Ni

We redetermine the abundances of all iron group nuclei in the Sun, based on neutral and singly-ionised lines of Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni in the solar spectrum. We employ a realistic 3D hydrodynamic model solar atmosphere, corrections for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE), stringent line selection procedures and high quality observational data. We have scoured the literature for the best quality oscillator strengths, hyperfine constants and isotopic separations available for our chosen lines. We find log ϵSc = 3.16 ± 0.04, log ϵTi = 4.93 ± 0.04, log ϵV = 3.89 ± 0.08, log ϵCr = 5.62 ± 0.04, log ϵMn = 5.42 ± 0.04, log ϵFe = 7.47 ± 0.04, log ϵCo = 4.93 ± 0.05 and log ϵNi = 6.20 ± 0.04. Our uncertainties factor in both statistical and systematic errors (the latter estimated for possible errors in the model atmospheres and NLTE line formation). The new abundances are generally in good agreement with the CI meteoritic abundances but with some notable exceptions. This analysis constitutes both a full exposition and a slight update of the preliminary results we presented in Asplund et al. (2009, ARA&A, 47, 481), including full line lists and details of all input data we employed

A Comparison of Patient Satisfaction with Emergency Department Opt-In and Opt-Out Rapid HIV Screening

Study objective. To compare patient satisfaction with emergency department (ED) opt-in and opt-out HIV screening. Methods. We conducted a survey in an urban ED that provided rapid HIV screening using opt-in (February 1, 2007–July 31, 2007) and opt-out (August 1, 2007–January 31, 2008) approaches. We surveyed a convenience sample of patients that completed screening in each phase. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction with HIV screening. Results. There were 207 and 188 completed surveys during the opt-in and opt-out phases, respectively. The majority of patients were satisfied with both opt-in screening (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 92–98) and opt-out screening (94%, 95% CI = 89–97). Satisfaction ratings were similar between opt-in and opt-out phases even after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and test result (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, 95% CI = 0.5–3.1). Conclusions. Emergency department patient satisfaction with opt-in and opt-out HIV screening is similarly high

Critical Radius of Insulation

The critical radius of insulation is a counterintuitive concept within the study of heat transfer. The theory states that adding insulation to a cylindrical or spherical object will increase the rate of heat loss rather than decrease it, if the radius (thickness) of the insulation is at its “critical” value. The Critical Radius of Insulation Senior Project is designed to demonstrate this phenomenon to Heat Transfer students via a portable apparatus. The concept will be demonstrated with a cylindrical object which is heated by way of a separate voltage source. Thermocouples will display the temperature of the cylinder while insulation is added along with ambient air temperature, showing a distinct decrease in temperature caused by the addition of insulation. The design team conducted preliminary experiments using 1Ω, 2Ω, and 10Ω power resistors in an attempt to demonstrate the critical radius theory and evaluate the viability of using power resistors as the heated cylinder. The experiments were unsuccessful in demonstrating the critical radius theory but showed that the prototype setup was a viable design that could demonstrate this theory if the insulation material, insulation thickness, and power resistor diameter were properly modified. Based on the preliminary testing and analysis, a conceptual prototype model was developed. After further testing, the team determined that power resistors would take too long to reach steady state temperatures for a short classroom demonstration and that the diameters of the resistors were too large to demonstrate this theory with the appropriate experimental margin. Other studies were conducted using different heated cylinders starting with Calrod® heating elements. Testing was conducted with these heaters and 3D printed PLA insulation with great success. The heat loss for this setup was greater with the insulation than without, so the team used this heater and insulation combination to create a functioning structural prototype. Once the structural prototype was constructed and thoroughly tested, the team was able to successfully create a portable demonstration apparatus that physically shows the critical radius of insulation theory at work. This document details the iterative design process used to achieve the final design, the final design description, the manufacturing process used to build the final design, the verification and testing process, and conclusions about the overall project and the teams experience. The team’s overall objectives for this project are to first understand the concept of the critical radius of insulation and the experimental variables and assumptions that are important to proving it. The next step is to design and build an apparatus that can be used as a classroom demonstration and test this apparatus to ensure it is safe, easy to use, and clearly demonstrates critical radius theory. A supplemental handout also needs to be created to simply describe the theory to Heat Transfer students that will be witnessing this demonstration

Barreras para la práctica de actividades físico-deportivas de las mujeres y hombres adultos de la Comunidad de Madrid

La comunicación presenta parte de los resultados del estudio DEP2010-19801 del Plan Nacional I+D+i 2010-2013. El objetivo de esta comunicación en identificar las diferentes barreras para practicar actividad física que presentan las mujeres y hombres adultos de la CCM

Epidemiology and mortality in patients hospitalized for burns in Catalonia, Spain

Epidemiology; Risk factorsEpidemiología; Factores de RiesgoEpidemiologia; Factors de RiscBurn injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. Although the overall incidence of burns and burn-related mortality is declining, these factors have not been analysed in our population for 25 years. The aim of this study has been to determine whether the epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized for burns has changed over the past 25 years. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalised between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2018 with a primary diagnosis of burns. The incidence of burns in our setting was 3.68/105 population. Most patients admitted for burns were men (61%), aged between 35 and 45 years (16.8%), followed by children aged between 0 and 4 years (12.4%). Scalding was the most prevalent mechanism of injury, and the region most frequently affected was the hands. The mean burned total body surface (TBSA) area was 8.3%, and the proportion of severely burned patients was 9.7%. Obesity was the most prevalent comorbidity (39.5%). The median length of stay was 1.8 days. The most frequent in-hospital complications were sepsis (16.6%), acute kidney injury (7.9%), and cardiovascular complications (5.9%). Risk factors for mortality were advanced age, high abbreviated burn severity index score, smoke inhalation, existing cardiovascular disease full-thickness burn, and high percentage of burned TBSA. Overall mortality was 4.3%. Multi-organ failure was the most frequent cause of death, with an incidence of 49.5%. The population has aged over the 25 years since the previous study, and the number of comorbidities has increased. The incidence and severity of burns, and the percentage of burned TBSA have all decreased, with scalding being the most prevalent mechanism of injury. The clinical presentation and evolution of burns differs between children and adults. Risk factors for mortality were advanced age, smoke inhalation, existing cardiovascular disease, full-thickness burn, and high percentage of burned TBSA