Downward transference of mice and universality of local core models

If M is a proper class inner model of ZFC and omega_2^M=omega_2, then every sound mouse projecting to omega and not past 0-pistol belongs to M. In fact, under the assumption that 0-pistol does not belong to M, K^M \| omega_2 is universal for all countable mice in V. Similarly, if M is a proper class inner model of ZFC, delta>omega_1 is regular, (delta^+)^M = delta^+, and in V there is no proper class inner model with a Woodin cardinal, then K^M \| delta is universal for all mice in V of cardinality less than delta.Comment: Revised version, incorporating the referee's suggestion

UNEMPLOYMENT IN SLOVAKIA BETWEEN 1998 AND 2016 – ONE OF THE SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Since economics emerged as a distinct field of study, no other single factor has occupied so central an analytical role as labor. The main goal of this paper is: (i) to review recent labor market developments; and (ii) to examine the causes of selected structural problems in the Slovak labor market. The Slovakian unemployment rate is one of highest in the European Union. Long-term unemployment is a significant part of this unemployment. This paper looks at the reasons for this long-term unemployment. Slovakian unemployment is the main economic problem in Slovakia, affecting not only economic growth but also the social stability of some families. Regional differences are examined in this paper as well

CREATING A MARKET OF PROPERTY RIGHTS: THE CASE OF CZECHOSLOVAK PRIVATIZATION

Year 2016 marked the 25th anniversary of an introduction of the main measures of the Czechoslovak transformation process, which moved the country from a centrally planned economy towards a free market economy. Approach to the transformation varied among economists, who promoted two main ways of transformation – slow-paced gradualist approach and fast, decisive turn towards capitalism, which prevailed in the society. The paper sums up four main pillars of the Czechoslovak transformation: liberalization of prices and international commerce, macroeconomic stabilization and re-allocation of property rights. The focus is placed on a creation of a market with property rights through privatization and a restitution process. The last part of the paper describes macroeconomic development of transforming Central European countries and concludes that Czechoslovakia fared the best in inflation and unemployment while suffering not as deep drop in output as other countries

Ideal Projections and Forcing Projections

It is well known that saturation of ideals is closely related to the “antichain-catching” phenomenon from Foreman-Magidor-Shelah [10]. We consider several antichain-catching properties that are weaker than saturation, and prove: (1) If I is a normal ideal on ω2 which satisfies stationary antichain catching, then there is an inner model with a Woodin cardinal; (2) For any n ∈ ω, it is consistent relative to large cardinals that there is a normal ideal I on ωn which satisfies projective antichain catching, yet I is not saturated (or even strong). This provides a negative answer to Open Question number 13 from Foreman’s chapter in the Handbook of Set Theory ([7])

An improved return-mapping scheme for nonsmooth yield surfaces: PART I - the Haigh-Westergaard coordinates

The paper is devoted to the numerical solution of elastoplastic constitutive initial value problems. An improved form of the implicit return-mapping scheme for nonsmooth yield surfaces is proposed that systematically builds on a subdifferential formulation of the flow rule. The main advantage of this approach is that the treatment of singular points, such as apices or edges at which the flow direction is multivalued involves only a uniquely defined set of non-linear equations, similarly to smooth yield surfaces. This paper (PART I) is focused on isotropic models containing: $a)$ yield surfaces with one or two apices (singular points) laying on the hydrostatic axis; $b)$ plastic pseudo-potentials that are independent of the Lode angle; $c)$ nonlinear isotropic hardening (optionally). It is shown that for some models the improved integration scheme also enables to a priori decide about a type of the return and investigate existence, uniqueness and semismoothness of discretized constitutive operators in implicit form. Further, the semismooth Newton method is introduced to solve incremental boundary-value problems. The paper also contains numerical examples related to slope stability with available Matlab implementation.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figure

Microstructure reconstruction via artificial neural networks: a combination of causal and non-causal approach

We investigate the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in reconstructing a sample image of a sponge-like microstructure. We propose to reconstruct the image by predicting the phase of the current pixel based on its causal neighbourhood, and subsequently, use a non-causal ANN model to smooth out the reconstructed image as a form of post-processing. We also consider the impacts of different configurations of the ANN model (e.g., the number of densely connected layers, the number of neurons in each layer, the size of both the causal and non-causal neighbourhood) on the models’ predictive abilities quantified by the discrepancy between the spatial statistics of the reference and the reconstructed sample