1,593 research outputs found
Extracting , and from Inclusive and Decays
Using recent results for nonperturbative contributions to the and
meson inclusive semileptonic widths, a model independent extraction of \vbc,
and is made from the experimentally measured and lifetimes
and semileptonic branching ratios. Constraining the parameters of the HQET at
\CO(1/m_Q^2) by the semileptonic width, \vbc is found to lie in the
range .040<\vbc< 0.057. The and quark masses are not well constrained
due to uncertainty in the relevant scale of . These results assume
the validity of perturbative QCD at the low scales relevant to semileptonic
charm decay. Without making this assumption, somewhat less stringent bounds on
from decay alone may be obtained.Comment: (revised version - contains a more detailed discussion of the
uncertainty in our results from the uncertainty in the scale of \alpha_s) 12
pages, 5 figures included, uses harvmac.tex and epsf.tex, UCSD/PTH 93-25,
UTPT 93-21, CMU-HEP 93-1
Heavy Quark Fragmentation to Baryons Containing Two Heavy Quarks
We discuss the fragmentation of a heavy quark to a baryon containing two
heavy quarks of mass . In this limit the heavy quarks
first combine perturbatively into a compact diquark with a radius small
compared to , which interacts with the light hadronic
degrees of freedom exactly as does a heavy antiquark. The subsequent evolution
of this diquark to a baryon is identical to the fragmentation of a
heavy antiquark to a meson. We apply this analysis to the production of baryons
of the form , , and .Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure included, uses harvmac.tex and epsf.tex, UCSD/PTH
93-11, CALT-68-1868, SLAC-PUB-622
Hadronic Event Shapes in Decay
We compute the differential momentum correlation function for hadrons
produced in the decay of -mesons. This measure of hadronic event shapes
tests the free -quark decay picture for nonleptonic and semileptonic decays
of -mesons. Our results can also be applied to and decay.Comment: 11 pages, 3 uuencoded figures included, uses harvmac and epsf, UTPT
93-28, CMU-HEP 93-24, CALT-68-190
Curiosity search for non-equilibrium behaviors in a dynamically learned order parameter space
Exploring the spectrum of novel behaviors a physical system can produce can
be a labor-intensive task. Active learning is a collection of iterative
sampling techniques developed in response to this challenge. However, these
techniques often require a pre-defined metric, such as distance in a space of
known order parameters, in order to guide the search for new behaviors. Order
parameters are rarely known for non-equilibrium systems \textit{a priori},
especially when possible behaviors are also unknown, creating a chicken-and-egg
problem. Here, we combine active and unsupervised learning for automated
exploration of novel behaviors in non-equilibrium systems with unknown order
parameters. We iteratively use active learning based on current order
parameters to expand the library of known behaviors and then relearn order
parameters based on this expanded library. We demonstrate the utility of this
approach in Kuramoto models of coupled oscillators of increasing complexity. In
addition to reproducing known phases, we also reveal previously unknown
behavior and related order parameters
How to assess technological developments in basic research? Enabling formative interventions regarding sustainability, ethics, and consumer issues at an early stage
In an era of ever faster and more momentous technological development, both technology assessment and transdisciplinary interventions are in danger of structurally lagging behind the speed of innovation. This paper proposes a new tiered approach to technology assessment at low Technology Readiness Levels that enables a both rapid and concerted interdisciplinary science response to this Great Acceleration. Covering sustainability, ethics, and consumer issues, this approach encourages and enables the innovators themselves to conduct assessments embedded in the innovation process as early as possible. Suitable tools for early engagement that help facilitate development-integrated assessments are introduced and described. The design and use of these instruments in the field of basic research is illustrated using the Cluster of Excellence livMatS as an example.In einer Ăra immer rascherer und folgenreicherer technologischer Entwicklungen laufen sowohl die Technologiebewertung als auch transdisziplinĂ€re Interventionen Gefahr, strukturell hinter der Dynamik von Innovationen zurĂŒckzubleiben. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer gestufter Ansatz fĂŒr die TechnikfolgenabschĂ€tzung fĂŒr niedrige Technology Readiness Levels vorgeschlagen, der eine schnelle und konzertierte interdisziplinĂ€re Reaktion der Wissenschaft auf diese "groĂe Beschleunigung" ermöglicht. Dieser Ansatz, der Nachhaltigkeits-, Ethik- und Verbraucherfragen abdeckt, ermutigt und befĂ€higt die Innovatoren, in den Innovationsprozess eingebettete Bewertungen so frĂŒh wie möglich selbst durchzufĂŒhren. Geeignete Instrumente fĂŒr entwicklungsintegrierte Bewertungen werden vorgestellt und beschrieben. Die Konzeption und Anwendung dieser Instrumente im Bereich der Grundlagenforschung wird am Beispiel des Exzellenzclusters livMatS veranschaulicht
Renormalons in Effective Field Theories
We investigate the high-order behavior of perturbative matching conditions in
effective field theories. These series are typically badly divergent, and are
not Borel summable due to infrared and ultraviolet renormalons which introduce
ambiguities in defining the sum of the series. We argue that, when treated
consistently, there is no physical significance to these ambiguities. Although
nonperturbative matrix elements and matching conditions are in general
ambiguous, the ambiguity in any physical observable is always higher order in
than the theory has been defined. We discuss the implications for the
recently noticed infrared renormalon in the pole mass of a heavy quark. We show
that a ratio of form factors in exclusive decays (which is related
to the pole mass) is free from renormalon ambiguities regardless of the mass
used as the expansion parameter of HQET. The renormalon ambiguities also cancel
in inclusive heavy hadron decays. Finally, we demonstrate the cancellation of
renormalons in a four-Fermi effective theory obtained by integrating out a
heavy colored scalar.Comment: Minor changes mad
Hadron Spectra for Semileptonic Heavy Quark Decay
We calculate the leading perturbative and power corrections to the hadronic
invariant mass and energy spectra in semileptonic heavy hadron decays. We apply
our results to the system. Moments of the invariant mass spectrum, which
vanish in the parton model, probe gluon bremsstrahlung and nonperturbative
effects. Combining our results with recent data on meson branching ratios,
we obtain a lower bound and an upper bound
GeV. The Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie scale setting
procedure suggests that higher order perturbative corrections are small for
bottom decay, and even tractable for charm decay.Comment: 24 pages, uses REVTeX, 5 EPS figures embedded with epsf.sty, slightly
modified version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Semileptonic Decay and Heavy Quark Spin Symmetry
Semileptonic decay of the meson is studied in the heavy quark limit.
The six possible form factors for
semileptonic decay are determined by two invariant functions. Only one of these
functions contributes at zero recoil, where it is calculable to lowest order in
an operator product expansion in terms of the meson decay constant and
the wavefunction. A similar result is found for and for semileptonic decay for a
restricted kinematic region. Semileptonic decay provides a means for
determining the KM mixing angle .Comment: (12 Pages, no figures
Perturbative Strong Interaction Corrections to the Heavy Quark Semileptonic Decay Rate
We calculate the part of the order correction to the
semileptonic heavy quark decay rate proportional to the number of light quark
flavors, and use our result to set the scale for evaluating the strong coupling
in the order term according to the scheme of Brodsky, Lepage and
Mackenzie. Expressing the decay rate in terms of the heavy quark pole mass
, we find the scale for the strong coupling to be . If the decay rate is expressed in terms of the heavy
quark mass then the scale is . We use these
results along with the existing calculations for hadronic decay to
calculate the BLM scale for the nonleptonic decay width and the semileptonic
branching ratio. The implications for the value of extracted from
the inclusive semileptonic meson decay rate are discussed.Comment: 7 pages in Latex plus 1 uuencoded figure, uses epsf, UTPT-94-24,
CMU-HEP 94-29, CALT-68-1950 (previous results unchanged; we add a short
discussion of nonleptonic decays
Non-1/m_b^n Power Suppressed Contributions to Inclusive b->s l+ l- Decays
We compute non-perturbative contributions to b->s l+ l- that are not
explicitly suppressed by powers of the b-quark mass. They are proportional to
lambda_2 and arise from an interference between the free-quark amplitude and
higher order terms in the matrix element of a four-quark operator. This
correction is found to be small over most of the dalitz plot except near the
charm threshold. Unfortunately, the perturbative computation we have performed
is invalid near charm threshold and we do not except to see the structure found
at lowest order reproduced in the data. We conclude that these non-perturbative
contributions do not significantly modify the previous analysis of b->s l+ l-.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, late
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