5,105 research outputs found
Monte Carlo approach to nonperturbative strings -- demonstration in noncritical string theory
We show how Monte Carlo approach can be used to study the double scaling
limit in matrix models. As an example, we study a solvable hermitian one-matrix
model with the double-well potential, which has been identified recently as a
dual description of noncritical string theory with worldsheet supersymmetry.
This identification utilizes the nonperturbatively stable vacuum unlike its
bosonic counterparts, and therefore it provides a complete constructive
formulation of string theory. Our data with the matrix size ranging from 8 to
512 show a clear scaling behavior, which enables us to extract the double
scaling limit accurately. The ``specific heat'' obtained in this way agrees
nicely with the known result obtained by solving the Painleve-II equation with
appropriate boundary conditions.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, LaTeX, JHEP3.cls; references added, typos
correcte
Evidence for a Low-Spin to Intermediate-Spin State Transition in LaCoO3
We present measurements of the magnetic susceptibility and of the thermal
expansion of a LaCoO single crystal. Both quantities show a strongly
anomalous temperature dependence. Our data are consistently described in terms
of a spin-state transition of the Co ions with increasing temperature
from a low-spin ground state to an intermediate-spin state without (100K -
500K) and with (>500K) orbital degeneracy. We attribute the lack of orbital
degeneracy up to 500K to (probably local) Jahn-Teller distortions of the
CoO octahedra. A strong reduction or disappearance of the Jahn-Teller
distortions seems to arise from the insulator-to-metal transition around 500 K.Comment: an error in the scaling factor of Eq.(4) and consequently 2 values of
table I have been corrected. The conclusions of the paper remain unchanged.
See also: C. Zobel et al. Phys. Rev. B 71, 019902 (2005) and J. Baier et al.
Phys. Rev. B 71, 014443 (2005
Selective Spin-State Switch and Metal-Insulator Transition in \boldmath
Ultra-high resolution synchrotron diffraction data for
throw new light on the metal-insulator transition of Co Ba-cobaltites.
An anomalous expansion of CoO octahedra is observed at the phase transition
on heating, while CoO pyramids show the normal shrinking at the closing of
the gap. The insulator-to-metal transition is attributed to a sudden excitation
of some electrons in the octahedra ( state) into the Co band
(final state). The state in the pyramids does
not change and the structural study also rules out a
orbital ordering at .Comment: Phys. Rev. B (to appear
Light scattering from disordered overlayers of metallic nanoparticles
We develop a theory for light scattering from a disordered layer of metal
nanoparticles resting on a sample. Averaging over different disorder
realizations is done by a coherent potential approximation. The calculational
scheme takes into account effects of retardation, multipole excitations, and
interactions with the sample. We apply the theory to a system similar to the
one studied experimentally by Stuart and Hall [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 80}, 5663
(1998)] who used a layered Si/SiO/Si sample. The calculated results agree
rather well with the experimental ones. In particular we find conspicuous
maxima in the scattering intensity at long wavelengths (much longer than those
corresponding to plasmon resonances in the particles). We show that these
maxima have their origin in interference phenomena in the layered sample.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figure
Multifractal analysis of the electronic states in the Fibonacci superlattice under weak electric fields
Influence of the weak electric field on the electronic structure of the
Fibonacci superlattice is considered. The electric field produces a nonlinear
dynamics of the energy spectrum of the aperiodic superlattice. Mechanism of the
nonlinearity is explained in terms of energy levels anticrossings. The
multifractal formalism is applied to investigate the effect of weak electric
field on the statistical properties of electronic eigenfunctions. It is shown
that the applied electric field does not remove the multifractal character of
the electronic eigenfunctions, and that the singularity spectrum remains
non-parabolic, however with a modified shape. Changes of the distances between
energy levels of neighbouring eigenstates lead to the changes of the inverse
participation ratio of the corresponding eigenfunctions in the weak electric
field. It is demonstrated, that the local minima of the inverse participation
ratio in the vicinity of the anticrossings correspond to discontinuity of the
first derivative of the difference between marginal values of the singularity
strength. Analysis of the generalized dimension as a function of the electric
field shows that the electric field correlates spatial fluctuations of the
neighbouring electronic eigenfunction amplitudes in the vicinity of
anticrossings, and the nonlinear character of the scaling exponent confirms
multifractality of the corresponding electronic eigenfunctions.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Stochastic semiclassical gravity
In the first part of this paper, we show that the semiclassical
Einstein-Langevin equation, introduced in the framework of a stochastic
generalization of semiclassical gravity to describe the back reaction of matter
stress-energy fluctuations, can be formally derived from a functional method
based on the influence functional of Feynman and Vernon. In the second part, we
derive a number of results for background solutions of semiclassical gravity
consisting of stationary and conformally stationary spacetimes and scalar
fields in thermal equilibrium states. For these cases, fluctuation-dissipation
relations are derived. We also show that particle creation is related to the
vacuum stress-energy fluctuations and that it is enhanced by the presence of
stochastic metric fluctuations.Comment: 26 pages, RevTeX, no figure
Stochastic Gravity: A Primer with Applications
Stochastic semiclassical gravity of the 90's is a theory naturally evolved
from semiclassical gravity of the 70's and 80's. It improves on the
semiclassical Einstein equation with source given by the expectation value of
the stress-energy tensor of quantum matter fields in curved spacetimes by
incorporating an additional source due to their fluctuations. In stochastic
semiclassical gravity the main object of interest is the noise kernel, the
vacuum expectation value of the (operator-valued) stress-energy bi-tensor, and
the centerpiece is the (stochastic) Einstein-Langevin equation. We describe
this new theory via two approaches: the axiomatic and the functional. The
axiomatic approach is useful to see the structure of the theory from the
framework of semiclassical gravity. The functional approach uses the
Feynman-Vernon influence functional and the Schwinger-Keldysh close-time-path
effective action methods which are convenient for computations. It also brings
out the open systems concepts and the statistical and stochastic contents of
the theory such as dissipation, fluctuations, noise and decoherence. We then
describe the application of stochastic gravity to the backreaction problems in
cosmology and black hole physics. Intended as a first introduction to this
subject, this article places more emphasis on pedagogy than completeness.Comment: 46 pages Latex. Intended as a review in {\it Classical and Quantum
Gravity
Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually grouped under the term “EPC.” It would be highly advantageous to agree on standards to confirm an endothelial progenitor phenotype and this should include detailed immunophenotyping, potency assays, and clear separation from hematopoietic angiogenic cells which are not endothelial progenitors. In this review, we seek to discourage the indiscriminate use of “EPCs,” and instead propose precise terminology based on defining cellular phenotype and function. Endothelial colony forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells are examples of two distinct and well‐defined cell types that have been considered EPCs because they both promote vascular repair, albeit by completely different mechanisms of action. It is acknowledged that scientific nomenclature should be a dynamic process driven by technological and conceptual advances; ergo the ongoing “EPC” nomenclature ought not to be permanent and should become more precise in the light of strong scientific evidence. This is especially important as these cells become recognized for their role in vascular repair in health and disease and, in some cases, progress toward use in cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1316–132
Bottom-Tau Unification in SUSY SU(5) GUT and Constraints from b to s gamma and Muon g-2
An analysis is made on bottom-tau Yukawa unification in supersymmetric (SUSY)
SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) in the framework of minimal supergravity, in
which the parameter space is restricted by some experimental constraints
including Br(b to s gamma) and muon g-2. The bottom-tau unification can be
accommodated to the measured branching ratio Br(b to s gamma) if superparticle
masses are relatively heavy and higgsino mass parameter \mu is negative. On the
other hand, if we take the latest muon g-2 data to require positive SUSY
contributions, then wrong-sign threshold corrections at SUSY scale upset the
Yukawa unification with more than 20 percent discrepancy. It has to be
compensated by superheavy threshold corrections around the GUT scale, which
constrains models of flavor in SUSY GUT. A pattern of the superparticle masses
preferred by the three requirements is also commented.Comment: 21pages, 6figure
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