Buckwheat: a crop from outside the major Chinese domestication centres? A review of the archaeobotanical, palynological and genetic evidence.

The two cultivated species of buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and F. tataricum (Tartary buckwheat) are Chinese domesticates whose origins are usually thought to lie in upland southwestern China, outside the major centres of agricultural origins associated with rice and millet. Synthesis of the macro- and microfossil evidence for buckwheat cultivation in China found just 26 records across all time periods, of which the majority were pollen finds. There are few or no identifying criteria distinguishing F. esculentum and F. tataricum for any sample type. The earliest plausibly agricultural Fagopyrum occurs in northern China from the mid 6th millennium cal bp. The archaeobotanical record requires reconciliation with biogeographic and genetic inferences of a southwestern Chinese origin for buckwheat. Scrutiny of the genetic data indicates limitations related to sampling, molecular markers and analytical approaches. Common buckwheat may have been domesticated at the range margins of its wild progenitor before its cultivation expanded in the north, mediated by changing ranges of wild species during the Holocene and/or by cultural exchange or movement of early agriculturalists between southwest China, the Chengdu Plain and the southern Loess Plateau. Buckwheat probably became a pan-Eurasian crop by the 3rd millennium cal bp, with the pattern of finds suggesting a route of westward expansion via the southern Himalaya to the Caucasus and Europe.MKJ and HVH were supported by a European Research Council Advanced Investigator award to MKJ (GA249642, ‘Food Globalization in Prehistory)’. HVH was supported by a University of Cambridge Returning Carers’ Scheme award. SX was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471167), and National Scholarship Fund of China (CSC no. 201504910101)

The Role of Gender and How it Relates to Conflict Management Style and School Culture

This investigation focused on principals, by gender, and the impact that the principals\u27 conflict management style had on cultural aspects in schools. Findings were: principals with a conflict management style that is high in dominating show lower school culture scores in professional development, and, conversely, principals with a conflict management style that is high in initiating indicate higher school culture scores in teacher collaboration. When split by gender, the findings were: male principals whose conflict management style is dominating receive lower school culture scores in teacher collaboration, while female principals whose conflict management style was viewed as integrating receive higher school culture scores in professional development and teacher collaboration

The Role of Gender and How it Relates to Conflict Management Style and School Culture

This investigation focused on principals, by gender, and the impact that the principals\u27 conflict management style had on cultural aspects in schools. Findings were: principals with a conflict management style that is high in dominating show lower school culture scores in professional development, and, conversely, principals with a conflict management style that is high in initiating indicate higher school culture scores in teacher collaboration. When split by gender, the findings were: male principals whose conflict management style is dominating receive lower school culture scores in teacher collaboration, while female principals whose conflict management style was viewed as integrating receive higher school culture scores in professional development and teacher collaboration

Caveats when interpreting intravenous urograms following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution

The aim of this study was to evaluate the appearance of the upper urinary tract following cystectomy and ileal orthotopic bladder substitution. Intravenous urograms (IVUs) performed preoperatively and at regular intervals postoperatively on 87 long-term survivors (minimum survival, 5 years) following ileal orthotopic bladder substitution were reviewed. Distention of the collecting system with blunted or rounded fornices was defined as dilatation. If in addition contrast medium excretion was delayed on the 5-min film, this was defined as obstruction. Collecting system dilatation was present on all IVU films obtained from most patients (80%) within 6 months of surgery, even in the absence of urinary tract obstruction. In contrast, dilatation was commonly seen only on the 20-min postinjection films (79%) on urograms performed more than 1 year following surgery, but not encountered on the other two postinjection radiographs (at 5 and 60min). Five years after surgery, permanent obstruction was observed in only five (3%) renoureteral units. Dilatation of the upper urinary tract after ileal orthotopic bladder substitution is a frequent finding on the 5-min, 20-min, and 60-min films during the early postoperative period but is found only on the 20-min film 1 year and later after surgery. These findings should not be overinterpreted as obstructio

Managing behaviour in private, voluntary and independent nursery settings: the experiences of practitioners

A review of the literature suggests there is a gap in the research on the experiences of staff working in private, voluntary and independent (PVI) early years settings in relation to their experiences of children demonstrating difficult and concerning behaviour. Previous research has predominantly focused on practitioner experiences of behaviour in mainstream settings (Merrett and Taylor,\ud 1994; Stephenson, Linfoot and Martin, 2010). Consideration of practitioner experiences of training and support in relation to behaviour were also important given the potential impact of the staff group on a child’s socio-emotional development (Sylva, Melhuish, Sammons, Siraj-Blatchford and Taggart, 2004). A two stage mixed methods design was adopted to address three research questions: \ud 1. What are the behaviours that early years practitioners in private, voluntary and independent nursery settings find difficult to manage and how concerning do they perceive these behaviours to be? \ud 2. What do early years practitioners think are the factors influencing children’s behaviour and what do they find helpful when managing behaviour in their setting? \ud 3. What training and support\ud are available to early years practitioners in these settings to help them manage difficult behaviour?\ud \ud Questionnaire data was gathered from 63 practitioners working in PVI settings in one local authority. Semi-structured interviews, analysed using thematic analysis\ud were conducted with a sample of the practitioners (n=11). The findings from the two stages of the data collection were combined during the data analysis under thematic headings. The findings from the questionnaires and interviews were then discussed in relation to the previously introduced literature and relevant psychological frameworks, e.g. Bronfrenbrenner’s ecological systems model\ud (Bronfrenbrenner, 1974;1994) and Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969). Limitations of the study were critiqued and future research areas and implications for the role of Educational Psychologists discussed

Kira O'Reilly: Untitled (Bodies)

Funding to support the publication was gained from: Collaborative Arts Partnership Programme; Live Art Development Agency; King's College London; Queen Mary University of London.This publication is the first major survey of the interdisciplinary practices of Kira O’Reilly. O’Reilly’s works have been exhibited and presented internationally, across many different formats, frames and contexts since 1998, and the publication encompasses that breadth and diversity. Bringing together newly commissioned and other writings by major thinkers in and beyond visual and performance studies, and extensive documentation of the artist’s work from two decades of practice, it navigates through and between performance, biotechnical practices, image-making, and writing. O’Reilly’s work approaches the uncertain boundaries of bodies as the starting point for enquiry, and is distinctly relevant to social themes in the arts. Specifically, O’Reilly asks what kind of societies become possible in collaborations across species, organisms, and bodies. O’Reilly explores these themes through sustained and experimental engagements with politics, biopolitics, change (social, corporeal, chemical, reactive), and the complex relations between the human and the non-human (including the animal, the human-made, and beyond). Amanda Coogan writes on the body in performance, Shannon Bell considers a feminist political aesthetics in an open body, Tracey Warr explores performances of permeability and messy materialisation, Rob La Frenais discusses the meetings of humans and animals. Other contributors include the artists and writers Marina Abramovic, Franko B, Rebecca French, and Linda Montano. The book includes interviews, archive material, and Kira O’Reilly’s own writings. This publication is the fifth in the Intellect Live book series. Intellect Live is a collaboration between Intellect Books and the Live Art Development Agency. The series is characterized by lavishly illustrated and beautifully designed books that are created through close collaborations between artists and writers, and that are the first substantial publication dedicated to the artists' work

Gramatica escuaraz eta francesez, composatua francez hitzcunça ikhasi nahi dutenen faboretan

Sign.: A-Z6, 2A-2I6, 2L-2X6Gramática escrita en francés y euskera labortanoS. XVIII -- Periodo clásicoGramatika frantsesez eta lapurterazXVIII. md. -- Aro klasikoaDigitalización. Vitoria-Gasteiz : Archivos y Bibliotecas, Marzo 1995CartonéEXPOSICIÓN "Aintzinako liburuak Euskal Herrian = El libro antiguo en el País Vasco, 8/11/2005 - 8/01/2006, Durangoko Arte eta Historia Museoa - Museo de Arte e Historia de Durango, Durango (Bizkaia)Ex libris Louis Raillar