Gender and The Search for Identity in Gwendolyn MacEwan’s \u3cem\u3eJulian\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eNoman\u3c/em\u3e Stories

This thesis looks at the theme of gender and the search for identity in three fictional works of Canadian poet and novelist Gwendolyn MacEwen. The works considered are her first novel Julian the Magician (1963) and her two collections of short stories Noman (1972) and Noman’s Land (1985). The thesis examines the way self-identity is characterized and considers the way gender is presented in relation to the self. The work shows the development of MacEwen’s idea of self from a creative eternal force equivalent to the Christ image in Julian the Magician to an eternal force that finds its expression through the ability to grasp the experience of the essential human aspect of loneliness, in her two collections of short stories. MacEwen’s portrayal of women, however, remains consistent throughout these works. As her work progresses the gender question becomes more clearly articulated. MacEwen protrays women primarily in terms of the body while men are characterized in terms of the mind. The self is identified with the intellect, thereby indicating that men by nature are predisposed to redemption. Female identity is based on a woman’s role as mother and helpmate to help a male to find his own identity. MacEwen does not provide an understanding of human nature that overcomes the mind/body dichotomy, which leaves women marginalized and disempowered

Proportionality: An Addition to the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes’ Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard

The fair and equitable treatment standard, established in state law, customary law, and bilateral investment treaties, requires that states treat investors in a consistent and transparent manner. With its decision in Occidental Petroleum Corp., Occidental Exploration and Production Company v. Republic of Ecuador, the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) interpreted the ever-expanding fair and equitable treatment standard to include the principle of proportionality. After concluding that Ecuador’s termination of the investor’s contract was a disproportionate response to the investor’s breach of that contract, the ICSID Tribunal awarded an incredible $1.77 billion in damages. The potential for crushing liability for host countries and the overprotection of investors has resulted in the recent withdrawal of a number of host countries from the ICSID and from Bilateral Investment Treaties. This retreat will continue until the Tribunal recalibrates the fair and equitable treatment standard to provide balanced protection for both the investor and the host country

Alien Registration- Hebert, Marie Anne (Madawaska, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/24915/thumbnail.jp

The low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra with values in natural modules

The main aim of this contribution is to compute the low-dimensional algebraic cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra with values in the adjoint and the trivial module. The last section includes results for the general tensor densities modules, presented without proof. One of our main results is that the third algebraic cohomology of the Witt algebra with values in the adjoint module vanishes, while it is one-dimensional for the Virasoro algebra. The first and the second algebraic cohomology of the Witt and the Virasoro algebra with values in tensor densities modules vanish for almost all modules. In the case they do not vanish, we give explicit expressions for the generating cocycles. In our work, we consider algebraic cohomology and not only the sub-complex of continuous cohomology, meaning we do not put any continuity constraints on the cochains. Consequently, our results are independent of any choice of an underlying topology, and valid for any concrete realizations of the considered Lie algebras

A Pearson Effective Potential for Monte-Carlo simulation of quantum confinement effects in various MOSFET architectures

A Pearson Effective Potential model for including quantization effects in the simulation of nanoscale nMOSFETs has been developed. This model, based on a realistic description of the function representing the non zero-size of the electron wave packet, has been used in a Monte-Carlo simulator for bulk, single gate SOI and double-gate SOI devices. In the case of SOI capacitors, the electron density has been computed for a large range of effective field (between 0.1 MV/cm and 1 MV/cm) and for various silicon film thicknesses (between 5 nm and 20 nm). A good agreement with the Schroedinger-Poisson results is obtained both on the total inversion charge and on the electron density profiles. The ability of an Effective Potential approach to accurately reproduce electrostatic quantum confinement effects is clearly demonstrated.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 3 table

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment

Background: Treatment of cancer with chemotherapy is becoming increasingly more effective but is associated with short and long-term side effects. Oral side effects remain a major source of illness despite the use of a variety of agents to prevent them. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral (and topical) prophylactic agents for oral mucositis and oral candidiasis in patients with cancer (excluding head and neck cancer), compared with placebo or no treatment. Search Strategy: Computerised MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CANCERLIT, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Register search up to July 1999. Reference lists from relevant articles were scanned and the authors of eligible studies were contacted to identify trials and obtain additional information. Selection Criteria: Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: design - random or quasi-random allocation of participants; participants - anyone with cancer receiving chemotherapy (excluding head and neck cancer); interventions - prophylactic agents prescribed to reduce oral conditions arising from cancer or its treatment; outcomes - mucositis and oral candidiasis. Data Collection and Analysis: Information regarding methods, participants, interventions and outcome measures and results were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two reviewers (JC &amp; HW). Specialist advice was sought to categorise interventions. Authors were contacted for details of randomisation and withdrawals and a quality assessment was carried out using the Jadad criteria (Jadad 1998). The Cochrane Oral Health Group statistical guidelines were followed and relative risk values calculated using random effects models where significant heterogeneity was detected (P &lt; 0.1). Main Results: Thirty-eight reports of trials were initially included. Two were duplicate reports and nine were excluded as there was no useable information. Of the 27 useable studies 14 had data for mucositis comprising 945 randomised patients and 15 included data for oral candidiasis with 1164 randomised patients. Of the eight prophylactic agents used for mucositis only one, ice chips, was effective (Relative risk 0.57, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.77, chi-square for heterogeneity = 0.26 (df = 1), p = 0.61). The NNT to prevent one extra case of mucositis over the baseline incidence using ice chips was 4 (95%CI: 3 to 7). The NNT for when the baseline incidence of mucositis in the population ranges from 50% to 80% are 5 to 4 respectively. There is evidence that antifungal agents which are partially or fully absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract prevent oral candidiasis and that the partially absorbed agents may be more effective than the fully absorbed agents. The RR for partially absorbed agents was 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.27, chi-square for heterogeneity = 5.3 (df = 3), P = 0. 15). The NNT to prevent one extra case of oral candidiasis over the baseline incidence using partially absorbed drugs was 3 (95% CI: 3 to 5). The NNT for when the baseline incidence of oral candidiasis in the population ranges from 30% to 70% are 4 to 2 respectively. The general reporting of RCT's was poor however the median Jadad score was acceptable and improved further when the authors provided additional information. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings for oral candidiasis. Reviewer's Conclusions: There is some evidence that ice chips prevent mucositis. None of the other prophylactic agents included in this review prevented mucositis. There is evidence that prophylactic use of antifungal agents which are absorbed or partially absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract reduce the clinical signs of oral candidiasis, and the partially absorbed drugs may be more effective. Future trials in this area should address the link between oral and general health including outcomes relevant to the patient. Collaboration between medical and dental teams is indicated.</p

Réponses cardiorespiratoires lors d’épreuves d’effort pour les personnes utilisant un fauteuil roulant manuel : étude exploratoire chez les sujets sains

Travail d'intégration réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.Introduction : L’avènement d’une lésion médullaire (LM) a un impact majeur au niveau de plusieurs systèmes dont le système cardiorespiratoire. Des protocoles d’évaluation standardisés pour mesurer la capacité aérobique existent, mais sont peu utilisés en physiothérapie pour une clientèle utilisatrice de fauteuil roulant manuel (FRM). Objectifs : Les objectifs principaux sont d’évaluer et de comparer les réponses cardiorespiratoires à différents tests d’effort chez des individus en bonne santé et de proposer des modifications à ces protocoles afin de sélectionner la ou les évaluation(s) optimale(s) pour une clientèle blessée médullaire utilisatrice de FRM. Méthodologie : Deux sujets sains ont complété cinq épreuves d’effort différentes à deux occasions à l’intérieur d’une période de sept jours. Deux tests d’effort sous-maximal et soutenu, soit le test de marche de six minutes (6MWT) et le test de propulsion manuelle de six minutes en fauteuil roulant (6WPT), et trois tests d’effort maximal et progressif, soit le protocole de Bruce (PB), l’ergomètre des membres supérieurs (EMS’s) et le fauteuil roulant sur tapis roulant (FRTR) ont été complétés. Les réponses cardiorespiratoires, incluant le VO2 et la fréquence cardiaque (FC), ont été mesurées à l’aide du Cosmed K4b2 et d’autres outils de mesure. Résultats : Le PB a généré le VO2 et la FC les plus élevés. L’EMS’s est celui ayant le VO2 de pointe le plus élevé comparativement au FRTR et au 6WPT. Finalement, les réponses cardiorespiratoires du 6WPT sont comparables à celles du 6MWT. Conclusion : À l’exception du VO2 de pointe, le 6WPT, l’EMS’s et le FRTR entraînent des réponses cardiorespiratoires similaires. Il est suggéré aux physiothérapeutes d’utiliser le 6WPT chez les individus ayant une LM puisqu’il est facilement reproductible et requiert peu d’équipements