THE PRESENT-DAY CLIMATE OF EASTERN EUROPE AS VIEWED IN THE CONTEXT OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION CHANGE

Climate change over the territory of the Atlantic-European sector during the recent decades is studied with reference to changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The classification of synoptic patterns (from the class of most probably to the class of least probable fields) is given for winter and summer for the last three decades, starting from 1974-1983. The synoptic pattern of the most probable class of field sea-level pressure shows high pressure over Europe in 1974-2005, which from decade to decade occupies more and more territory in summer and winter. The high temporal stability of predominant synoptic patterns is responsible for long-lived events of extreme warm and dry weather in winter and in summer for heat waves and droughts. The synoptic patterns corresponding to such dangerous weather conditions as extreme cold, strong precipitation, glaze ice, strong winds, hail etc. are discussed as well

Possibilities of Long-Range Forecast of Weather Conditions over the Antarctic Peninsula

Developed by us in 1998 the method of long-range weather forecast for the moderate latitudes of Northern hemisphere is based on two-month similarity of atmospheric circulation which is well revealed by the traditional method of analogues of one season. That is why similarity of atmospheric processes in the non-tropical latitudes of Southern hemisphere was also explored by the method of traditional analogue. Similarity between the processes of successive days on the fixed territory taking into account the coincidence of all geographical coordinates allowed to set in Southern hemisphere two-month quasi-periodicity of large-scale and consequently regional atmospheric circulation.Разработанный нами в 1998 г. метод долгосрочного прогноза погоды для умеренных широт Северного полушария основан на двухмесячной аналогичности атмосферной циркуляции, которая хорошо выявляется с помощью традиционного метода аналогов одного сезона. Потому аналогичность атмосферных процессов во внетропических широтах Южного полушария также была исследована с помощью метода традиционного аналога. Аналогичность между процессами последовательных дней на фиксированной территории с учетом совпадения всех географических координат позволила установить в Южном полушарии двухмесячную квазипериодичность крупномасштабной, и следовательно региональной, циркуляции атмосферы

Transport and Fate of 137Cs Released From Multiple Sources in the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans

The North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, along with the North Pacific, are the main reservoirs of anthropogenic radionuclides introduced in the past 75 years. The POSEIDON-R compartment model was applied to the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans to reconstruct 137Cs contamination in 1945–2020 due to multiple sources: global fallout, exchange flows with other oceans, point-source inputs in the ocean from reprocessing plants and other nuclear facilities, the impact of the Chernobyl accident and secondary contamination resulting from river runoff and redissolution from bottom sediments. The model simulated the marine environment as a system of 3D compartments comprising the water column, bottom sediment, and biota. The dynamic model described the transfer of 137Cs through the pelagic and benthic food chains. The simulation results were validated using the marine database MARIS. The calculated concentrations of 137Cs in the seaweed and non-piscivorous and piscivorous pelagic fish mostly followed the concentration of 137Cs in water. The concentration in coastal predator fish lagged behind the concentration in water as a result of a diet that includes both pelagic and benthic organisms. The impact of each considered source on the total concentration of 137Cs in non-piscivorous fish in the regions of interest was analyzed. Whereas the contribution from global fallout dominated in 1960–1970, in 1970–1990, the contribution of 137Cs released from reprocessing plants exceeded the contributions from other sources in almost all considered regions. Secondary contamination due to river runoff was less than 4% of ocean influx. The maximum total inventory of 137Cs in the Arctic Ocean (31,122 TBq) was reached in 1988, whereas the corresponding inventory in the bottom sediment was approximately 6% of the total. The general agreement between simulated and observed 137Cs concentrations in water and bottom sediment was confirmed by the estimates of geometric mean and geometric standard deviation, which varied from 0.89 to 1.29 and from 1.22 to 1.87, respectively. The approach used is useful to synthesize measurement and simulation data in areas with observational gaps. For this purpose, 13 representative regions in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans were selected for monitoring by using the “etalon” method for classification

Efficacy and safety of a combined use of alpha1-blocker doxazosin and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor udenafil in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

The paper presents the results of examination and treatment in 32 men aged 45 to 73 years with lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. The examination revealed that 53.1 % of patients reported reduced erectile function. All patients received doxazosin (Artezin ®) from 2 to 4 mg per day 1 time per day. Additional treatment for patients was udenafil (Zidena®) 100 mg “on demand”. Combination therapy leaded to elimination lower urinary tract diseases symptoms after 12 weeks administration, improve erectile function, thus improving the quality of life in these patients.</em

Geomagnetic field and climate variability. 1. Spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field and climatic parameters during XX century

Analysis of main geomagnetic field (from IGRF model) and climatic parameters (near surface air temperature and surface pressure) allows us to determine their variability and spatial-temporal relations between them during the 20th. Integral characteristics and dynamics of the above parameters in latitudinal band 40-70 ° N have been investigated, applying one and the same approach. This gives us the possibility to reveal their global and regional characteristics - the differences and similarities between them. Three distinct periods of the spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field intensity have been determined, that could be connected to corresponding periods of mean near surface air temperature evolution during the 20th century: initial global warming (1911-1943); stabilization (end of 1940 s - middle 1970 s); secondary global warming (middle of 1970 s - 2000 s). There is a good correspondence between geomagnetic field, near surface air temperature and pressure spatial distributions during the 20th century. The high coefficient of similarity between integral spatial distributions of geomagnetic field intensity F and surface air temperature T (RFT ) = - 0,83 is quite unexpected. It indicates that relations between them could hardly be a random connection. If there is a causal relation between them, it obviously should be in the direction: geomagnetic filed influence on the temperature and / or surface pressure. The main problem in this case is that the mechanisms of magnetic filed influence on climatic parameters are less investigated and poorly understood. In this paper geomagnetic field is considered to be a first element of the causal chain of processes relating it with Earth's climate. A brief review of resent understanding of solar - geomagnetic field influence on climate shows that the main role in this process is played by galactic cosmic rays. Results presented here are basement for the second part of this paper, where the causal link of the processes connecting geomagnetic field with galactic cosmic rays, ozone and water vapour near the tropopause (with their influence on the radiation balance of the planet and consequently on climate) is thoroughly analysed

The Present-Day Climate of Eastern Europe as Viewed in The Context of Atmospheric Circulation Change

Climate change over the territory of the Atlantic-European sector during the recent decades is studied with reference to changes in the large-scale atmospheric circulation. The classification of synoptic patterns (from the class of most probably to the class of least probable fields) is given for winter and summer for the last three decades, starting from 1974-1983. The synoptic pattern of the most probable class of field sea-level pressure shows high pressure over Europe in 1974-2005, which from decade to decade occupies more and more territory in summer and winter. The high temporal stability of predominant synoptic patterns is responsible for long-lived events of extreme warm and dry weather in winter and in summer for heat waves and droughts. The synoptic patterns corresponding to such dangerous weather conditions as extreme cold, strong precipitation, glaze ice, strong winds, hail etc. are discussed as well

Geomagnetic field and climate variability. 1. Spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field and climatic parameters during XX century

Analysis of main geomagnetic field (from IGRF model) and climatic parameters (near surface air temperature and surface pressure) allows us to determine their variability and spatial-temporal relations between them during the 20th. Integral characteristics and dynamics of the above parameters in latitudinal band 40-70 ° N have been investigated, applying one and the same approach. This gives us the possibility to reveal their global and regional characteristics - the differences and similarities between them. Three distinct periods of the spatial-temporal distribution of geomagnetic field intensity have been determined, that could be connected to corresponding periods of mean near surface air temperature evolution during the 20th century: initial global warming (1911-1943); stabilization (end of 1940 s - middle 1970 s); secondary global warming (middle of 1970 s - 2000 s). There is a good correspondence between geomagnetic field, near surface air temperature and pressure spatial distributions during the 20th century. The high coefficient of similarity between integral spatial distributions of geomagnetic field intensity F and surface air temperature T (RFT ) = - 0,83 is quite unexpected. It indicates that relations between them could hardly be a random connection. If there is a causal relation between them, it obviously should be in the direction: geomagnetic filed influence on the temperature and / or surface pressure. The main problem in this case is that the mechanisms of magnetic filed influence on climatic parameters are less investigated and poorly understood. In this paper geomagnetic field is considered to be a first element of the causal chain of processes relating it with Earth's climate. A brief review of resent understanding of solar - geomagnetic field influence on climate shows that the main role in this process is played by galactic cosmic rays. Results presented here are basement for the second part of this paper, where the causal link of the processes connecting geomagnetic field with galactic cosmic rays, ozone and water vapour near the tropopause (with their influence on the radiation balance of the planet and consequently on climate) is thoroughly analysed