„O czym nie można mówić, o tym trzeba milczeć”? – obszary językowo tabuizowane w tekstach prasowych z okresu żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego

“Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent” – areas tabooed linguistically in press texts during the national days of mourning after Józef Piłsudski’s death This article discusses issues concerning press text taboo during the national days of mourning after Józef Piłsudski’s death. The source of the material are texts printed in the daily press dated 13.05-19.05.1935. The article discusses both taboo on the formal plane (euphemisms of death and its various aspects), and taboo on a semantic plane (taboo subjects), as well as relationship between taboo and censorship (individual and institutional/public). Its aim is to collect and to analyse euphemisms connected with mourning in the press discourse in the 1930s, especially euphemisms of lexemes: corpse and death. The article discusses also the rhetorical function of taboo subjects defined in connection with Marshal Piłsudski’s death.   „O czym nie można mówić, o tym trzeba milczeć”? – obszary językowo tabuizowane w tekstach prasowych z okresu żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego Artykuł omawia zagadnienie tabu w czasie żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego. Materiał stanowią teksty prasowe drukowane na łamach dzienników (zróżnicowanych światopoglądowo) w dniach 13.05.1935-19.05.1935 r. Omówione zostaje zarówno tabu w planie wyrażania (eufemizmy śmierci i obszarów z nią związanych), jak i tabu w planie treści (tematy tabu), a także relacje między tabu i cenzurą (wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną). Celem artykułu jest zebranie i analiza eufemizmów związanych z żałobą, szczególnie eufemizmów leksemów trup i śmierć, w dyskursie publicystycznym lat 30. XX w. oraz omówienie retorycznych funkcji tematów tabu wyznaczanych w związku ze śmiercią marszałka Piłsudskiego

Kondolencje w polszczyźnie. Definicja – kontekst pragmatyczny – wzorzec gatunkowy

The article concerns the Polish lexeme kondolencje ‘condolences’, both as a speech act and a genre. In the first part of the article, definitions of the lexeme in synchronic an diachronic dictionaries of Polish are discussed. The usual defining procedure is to focus on the Latin element con- ‘together with’ and, in recent dictionaries, the concept of ‘expressing sympathy and sorrow’. Another dimension of condolences is the pragmatic information, i.e. condolences as a polite speech act. Finally, condolences are viewed as a genre, with particular emphasis on changes in its written patterns and the influence of new channels of communication on the form and meaning of condolences.Autorka omawia funkcjonowanie leksemu kondolencje w polszczyźnie, a także kondolencje jako akt mowy oraz gatunek tekstu. W pierwszej części artykułu przeanalizowano sposób definiowania leksemu kondolencje w słownikach języka polskiego. Wydobyto schemat definiowania (zwykle poprzez wykorzystanie znaczenia łac. con ‘współ’) oraz pojawienie się w nowszych słownikach kolejnego znaczenia – ‘wyrażanie ubolewania, żalu’. Obserwacje rozszerzono również o informacje pragmatyczne, czyli analizę kondolencji jako grzecznościowego aktu mowy. Jako prototypowy kontekst użycia wskazano sytuacje po stracie bliskiej osoby. Ostatnia cześć tekstu dotyczy przemian wzorca gatunkowego kondolencji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zmian w zakresie form pisemnych. Wykorzystano tutaj porady zawarte w podręcznikach stylistycznych z XIX, XX i XXI w. Pokazano, jak rozwój nowych form przekazu wpłynął na formę oraz treść kondolencji

Ruthenium Dendrimers against Human Lymphoblastic Leukemia 1301 Cells

Ruthenium atoms located in the surfaces of carbosilane dendrimers markedly increase their anti-tumor properties. Carbosilane dendrimers have been widely studied as carriers of drugs and genes owing to such characteristic features as monodispersity, stability, and multivalence. The presence of ruthenium in the dendrimer structure enhances their successful use in anti-cancer therapy. In this paper, the activity of dendrimers of generation 1 and 2 against 1301 cells was evaluated using Transmission Electron Microscopy, comet assay and Real Time PCR techniques. Additionally, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes of mitochondrial potential values were assessed. The results of the present study show that ruthenium dendrimers significantly decrease the viability of leukemia cells (1301) but show low toxicity to non-cancer cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells—PBMCs). The in vitro test results indicate that the dendrimers injure the 1301 leukemia cells via the apoptosis pathway.Funding: This work was co-financed by the Project EUROPARTNER of Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) and Pl-SK 2019–2020 bilateral project -PPN/BIL/2018/1/00150; supported by the project “NanoTENDO” granted by National Science Centre, Poland under the M-ERA.NET 2 of Horizon 2020 programme, project No: 685451. This research was also supported by grants from CTQ2017-86224-P (MINECO), consortiums IMMUNOTHERCAN-CM B2017/BMD-3733, NANODENDMED II-CM ref B2017/BMD-3703 and Project SBPLY/17/180501/000358 Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008–2011, IniciativaIngenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund. Acknowledgments: N.S.d.O. wishes to thank JCCM for a predoctoral fellowship. This article is based upon work from COST Action CA17140 “Cancer Nanomedicine from the Bench to the Bedside” supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)

„O czym nie można mówić, o tym trzeba milczeć”? – obszary językowo tabuizowane w tekstach prasowych z okresu żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego

“Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent” – areas tabooed linguistically in press texts during the national days of mourning after Józef Piłsudski’s death This article discusses issues concerning press text taboo during the national days of mourning after Józef Piłsudski’s death. The source of the material are texts printed in the daily press dated 13.05-19.05.1935. The article discusses both taboo on the formal plane (euphemisms of death and its various aspects), and taboo on a semantic plane (taboo subjects), as well as relationship between taboo and censorship (individual and institutional/public). Its aim is to collect and to analyse euphemisms connected with mourning in the press discourse in the 1930s, especially euphemisms of lexemes: corpse and death. The article discusses also the rhetorical function of taboo subjects defined in connection with Marshal Piłsudski’s death.   „O czym nie można mówić, o tym trzeba milczeć”? – obszary językowo tabuizowane w tekstach prasowych z okresu żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego Artykuł omawia zagadnienie tabu w czasie żałoby narodowej po śmierci Józefa Piłsudskiego. Materiał stanowią teksty prasowe drukowane na łamach dzienników (zróżnicowanych światopoglądowo) w dniach 13.05.1935-19.05.1935 r. Omówione zostaje zarówno tabu w planie wyrażania (eufemizmy śmierci i obszarów z nią związanych), jak i tabu w planie treści (tematy tabu), a także relacje między tabu i cenzurą (wewnętrzną i zewnętrzną). Celem artykułu jest zebranie i analiza eufemizmów związanych z żałobą, szczególnie eufemizmów leksemów trup i śmierć, w dyskursie publicystycznym lat 30. XX w. oraz omówienie retorycznych funkcji tematów tabu wyznaczanych w związku ze śmiercią marszałka Piłsudskiego

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differentiation between the Most Common Benign Parotid Gland Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become a promising tool in distinguishing benign from malignant parotid gland tumors. However, its usefulness in differentiating various benign parotid tumors has not been determined so far. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the utility of CEUS in the preoperative differentiation between pleomorphic adenomas (PAs) and Warthin’s tumors (WTs) of the parotid gland. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for English-language articles published until 21 July 2022. Fifteen studies were included. On CEUS examination, a significantly greater percentage of PAs displayed heterogeneous enhancement texture compared to WTs. Contrarily, the enhanced lesion size, the enhancement margin, and the presence of the enhancement rim did not differ significantly between the entities. Significantly longer normalized mean transit time (nMTT) and time to peak (TTP) were observed in PAs. Contrarily, the mean values of area under the curve (AUC) and time from peak to one half (TPH) were significantly higher for WTs. Due to the considerable overlap among the qualitative CEUS characteristics of PAs and WTs, the reproducible, investigator-independent quantitative CEUS measurements have a greater potential to distinguish PAs from WTs, which might influence the selection of an appropriate management strategy

Oncolytic Adenoviruses Armed with Co-Stimulatory Molecules for Cancer Treatment

In clinical trials, adenovirus vectors (AdVs) are commonly used platforms for human gene delivery therapy. High genome capacity and flexibility in gene organization make HAdVs suitable for cloning. Recent advancements in molecular techniques have influenced the development of genetically engineered adenovirus vectors showing therapeutic potential. Increased molecular understanding of the benefits and limitations of HAdVs in preclinical research and clinical studies is a crucial point in the engineering of refined oncolytic vectors. This review presents HAdV species (A–G) used in oncotherapy. We describe the adenovirus genome organizations and modifications, the possibilities oncolytic viruses offer, and their current limitations. Ongoing and ended clinical trials based on oncolytic adenoviruses are presented. This review provides a broad overview of the current knowledge of oncolytic therapy. HAdV-based strategies targeting tumors by employing variable immune modifiers or delivering immune stimulatory factors are of great promise in the field of immune oncologyy This approach can change the face of the fight against cancer, supplying the medical tools to defeat tumors more selectively and safely

In Vitro Anti-Candida Activity and Action Mode of Benzoxazole Derivatives

A newly synthetized series of N-phenacyl derivatives of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, including analogues of 5-bromo- and 5,7-dibromobenzoxazole, were screened against Candida strains and the action mechanism was evaluated. 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanone (5d), 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,3,4-trichloro-phenyl)ethanone (5i), 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethanone (5k) and 2-[(5-bromo-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]-1-phenylethanone (6a) showed anti-C. albicans SC5314 activity, where 5d displayed MICT = 16 µg/mL (%R = 100) and a weak anti-proliferative activity against the clinical strains: C. albicans resistant to azoles (Itr and Flu) and C. glabrata. Derivatives 5k and 6a displayed MICP = 16 µg/mL and %R = 64.2 ± 10.6, %R = 88.0 ± 9.7, respectively, against the C. albicans isolate. Derivative 5i was the most active against C. glabrata (%R = 53.0 ± 3.5 at 16 µg/mL). Benzoxazoles displayed no MIC against C. glabrata. Benzoxazoles showed a pleiotropic action mode: (1) the total sterols content was perturbed; (2) 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanol and 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)ethanol (8h–i) at the lowest fungistatic conc. inhibited the efflux of the Rho123 tracker during the membrane transport process; (3) mitochondrial respiration was affected/inhibited by the benzoxazoles: 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol and 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethanol 8c–d and 8i. Benzoxazoles showed comparable activity to commercially available azoles due to (1) the interaction with exogenous ergosterol, (2) endogenous ergosterol synthesis blocking as well as (3) membrane permeabilizing properties typical of AmB. Benzoxazoles display a broad spectrum of anti-Candida activity and action mode towards the membrane without cross-resistance with AmB; furthermore, they are safe to mammals

Variability in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Real-World Database

The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes of the disease in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during periods of different variants dominance. Comparing the periods of dominance of variants preceding the Delta variant, the Delta period was characterized by a higher share of hospitalized females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, and a different age distribution. The lowest need for oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation was observed under Omicron dominance. The triad of classic COVID-19 symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, and fatigue, were most prevalent during the Delta period, and significantly less common under the Omicron dominance. During the Omicron period, nearly twice as many patients as in the previous periods could be discharged from the hospital within 7 days; the overall 28-day mortality was significantly lower compared to that of the Delta period. It also did not differ between periods that were dominated by the BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants. The study indicates that the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant that dominated between January and June 2022 caused a disease which resembled the common cold, and was caused by seasonal alpha and beta-coronaviruses with a low pathogenicity for humans. However, one should note that this effect may not only have been related to biological features of the Omicron lineage, but may additionally have been driven by the increased levels of immunization through natural infections and vaccinations, for which we could not account for due to a lack of sufficient data

External validation of the Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS) in a multicenter adult cohort

While Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS) has recently been validated in children, the literature lacks validation on adults exclusively. Therefore, we aimed to determine the validity of RAGS on the external multicenter adult cohort and compare its accuracy with other scales