Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in Prague: Analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism

AbstractObjectives: To characterize by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns, the distribution of different Mycobacterium tuberculosisstrains isolated consecutively from 75 tuberculosis patients who resided in Prague and had culture-confirmed cases during a 4-month period in 1995.Methods: The insertion sequence IS6110-based RFLP analysis of M. tuberculosis isolates was carried out.Results: There were a total of 75 patients with various forms of tuberculosis (54 males; 21 females). The sources of M. tuberculosis isolates were sputum (n = 64), pleura or lymph node drainage (n = 8), and urine (n = 3). Fifty-three of the patients (70.7%) had isolates with unique RFLP patterns, while 22 (29.3%) had isolates that belonged to seven clusters of related RFLP patterns. The seven clusters consisted of four groups of two patients, two groups of four patients, and one group of six patients. Most of the patients whose isolates fell within a clustered RFLP pattern lived in different quarters of the city and had no identifiable contacts with other patients whose isolates had the same pattern.Conclusions: The finding that isolates from most patients (70.7%) had unique rather than clustered RFLP patterns suggests that endogenous reactivation rather than exogenous transmission is the major determinant of most of the tuberculosis cases in Prague. The occurrence of seven distinct clusters comprising 29.3% of the isolates suggests that approximately one third of cases developed active tuberculosis from recent exogenous transmission

Worldwide Emergence of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are becoming resistant to not only the most powerful first-line drugs but also many second-line drugs