MAIN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED BY EX-COMBATANTS FROM “HÉCTOR RAMÍREZ” RURAL SETTLEMENT LOCATED IN LA MONTAÑITA, COLOMBIA

This paper analyzed the importance of productive projects in the reintegration process of ex-combatants of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in the rural settlement “Héctor Ramírez” located in Caquetá, after the signing of the Colombian peace process in 2017. In this regard, the research was characterized by being a descriptive study as a qualitative approach, using the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument applied to ex-combatants to recognize their expectations about the productive projects that they have been developing in the camp. It was found that ex-combatants reinvest the earnings received in productive projects to achieve, under their criteria, possibilities of growth and financial return for the long term. In addition, they hope that the Colombian government will support the improvement of the commercialization processes of the products generated in the different projects. In this way, the standards of well-being at the personal and community level will be improved.This paper analyzed the importance of productive projects in the reintegration process of ex-combatants of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), in the rural settlement “Héctor Ramírez” located in Caquetá, after the signing of the Colombian peace process in 2017. In this regard, the research was characterized by being a descriptive study as a qualitative approach, using the semi-structured interview as a data collection instrument applied to ex-combatants to recognize their expectations about the productive projects that they have been developing in the camp. It was found that ex-combatants reinvest the earnings received in productive projects to achieve, under their criteria, possibilities of growth and financial return for the long term. In addition, they hope that the Colombian government will support the improvement of the commercialization processes of the products generated in the different projects. In this way, the standards of well-being at the personal and community level will be improved

HEMOPARÁSITOS EN PRIMATES NEOTROPICALES DE RELEVANCIA CLÍNICA POR SU RIESGO ZOONÓTICO

En cautiverio, uno de los problemas de salud que más frecuentemente afecta a los primates son los hemoparásitos y endoparásitos, los cuales provocan enfermedades infecciosas que en algunos casos adquieren mayor relevancia dada su posibilidad de transmisión a otras especies, incluido el humano. El presente es un artículo de revisión que tiene como objetivo recopilar y analizar información bibliográfica sobre estudios existentes sobre especies de hemoparásitos zoonóticos en primates neotropicales y las enfermedades causadas por ellos. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizaron búsquedas de información específica en la base de datos de la Universidad de la Amazonía, CATIE, Corpoica, Scielo, Redalyc, e-book, Ambientalex.info, Google académico y comunicaciones personales con representantes de las instituciones involucradas. . en el contexto primatológico y clínico. Como resultado, se encontró que los hemoparásitos son los causantes de enfermedades que pueden comprometer la supervivencia tanto de primates como de humanos, dada su estrecha interacción en las clínicas de recuperación de fauna silvestre. tripanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi ) y Malaria ( Plasmodium spp) fueron identificados como los de mayor mortalidad en primates en cautiverio, con el agravante de corresponder a patologías zoonóticas.Uno de los problemas sanitarios que con mayor frecuencia afecta a los primates, en estado decautiverio, es el relacionado con la presencia de hemoparásitos y de endoparásitos, los cuales causanenfermedades infecciosas que, en algunos casos, adquieren mayor preeminencia, dada su posibilidadde transmisión hacia otras especies, incluida la humana. En tal sentido, este texto es un artículo derevisión, el cual tiene como finalidad presentar una recopilación y un análisis de la informaciónbibliográfica, referida a los estudios que versan sobre las especies de hemoparásitos zoonóticos enprimates neotropicales y sobre las enfermedades causadas por estos. Para el desarrollo de dichainvestigación se realizaron búsquedas de información específica, en las bases de datos de laUniversidad de la Amazonía, así como en las plataformas CATIE, Corpoica, Scielo, Redalyc, e-libro,Ambientalex.info, y Google académico, además de llevar a cabo comunicaciones personales, conrepresentantes de instituciones involucradas en el contexto primatológico y clínico. Como resultado deeste estudio se encontró que los hemoparásitos son causantes de enfermedades, las cuales puedencomprometer la sobrevivencia, tanto de los primates, como de los humanos, dada la estrechainteracción que estos tienen, en clínicas de recuperación de fauna silvestre. Igualmente, se identificó ala Tripanosomiasis (Trypanosoma cruzi) y a la Malaria (Plasmodium spp), como las enfermedades queproducen mayor mortalidad en los primates en cautiverio, con el agravante de que estas corresponden apatologías zoonóticas

Hematological parameters in Oreochromis niloticus cultivated in tropical conditions in experimental farm Santo Domingo of University of Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia.

The hematological parameters were evaluated in the Oreochromis niloticus species, weighing between 120 and 375 g, where chemical standards of water were included (T °, pH and OD), morphometry and haematological diagnosis, carried out at the Santo Domingo Experimental Farm from the University of the Amazonia, Florencia - Caquetá-Colombia. A directed and completely random sampling of 32 individuals was used, the blood was extracted by cardiac puncture and placed in Eppendorf tubes with EDTA. Blood smears were stained with Ema staining color for its laboratory analysis. The InfoStat was applied as a statistical method for the analysis of the variables to be measured. A total of leukocytes of 1.11 celx105 / mm3 was found, predominating neutrophils with 49.3% followed by lymphocytes with 38.8%, monocytes with 5.9%, eosinophils with 4.3%, basophils with 1.7 % and thrombocytes with 63.8% as an independent series. For the red series, an average of erythrocytes of 1.5 celx106 / mm3, hemoglobin of 7.9 g / dL; hematocrit of 23.3%, plasma proteins 3.3 g / dL, mean corpuscular volume 165 (u3), mean corpuscular hemoglobin 55 (uug) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of 33.3%. In conclusion, it was determined that some individuals presented Leukopenia with Lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. In addition, two individuals presented Normochromic Microcytic Anemia (AMN) and 19 individuals presented Normochromic Normocitic Anemia (ANN). The analysis of Total Plasma Proteins (PPT) determined that the high mortality rate was not due to nutritional deficiency. There was a positive similarity between the VCM and HCM, and negatively with the total number of erythrocytes.The hematological parameters were evaluated in the Oreochromis niloticus species, weighing between 120 and 375 g, where chemical standards of water were included (T °, pH and OD), morphometry and haematological diagnosis, carried out at the Santo Domingo Experimental Farm from the University of the Amazonia, Florencia - Caquetá-Colombia. A directed and completely random sampling of 32 individuals was used, the blood was extracted by cardiac puncture and placed in Eppendorf tubes with EDTA. Blood smears were stained with Ema staining color for its laboratory analysis. The InfoStat was applied as a statistical method for the analysis of the variables to be measured. A total of leukocytes of 1.11 celx105 / mm3 was found, predominating neutrophils with 49.3% followed by lymphocytes with 38.8%, monocytes with 5.9%, eosinophils with 4.3%, basophils with 1.7 % and thrombocytes with 63.8% as an independent series. For the red series, an average of erythrocytes of 1.5 celx106 / mm3, hemoglobin of 7.9 g / dL; hematocrit of 23.3%, plasma proteins 3.3 g / dL, mean corpuscular volume 165 (u3), mean corpuscular hemoglobin 55 (uug) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of 33.3%. In conclusion, it was determined that some individuals presented Leukopenia with Lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. In addition, two individuals presented Normochromic Microcytic Anemia (AMN) and 19 individuals presented Normochromic Normocitic Anemia (ANN). The analysis of Total Plasma Proteins (PPT) determined that the high mortality rate was not due to nutritional deficiency. There was a positive similarity between the VCM and HCM, and negatively with the total number of erythrocyte

Hematological parameters in Oreochromis niloticus cultivated in tropical conditions in experimental farm Santo Domingo of University of Amazonia, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia.

The hematological parameters were evaluated in the Oreochromis niloticus species, weighing between 120 and 375 g, where chemical standards of water were included (T °, pH and OD), morphometry and haematological diagnosis, carried out at the Santo Domingo Experimental Farm from the University of the Amazonia, Florencia - Caquetá-Colombia. A directed and completely random sampling of 32 individuals was used, the blood was extracted by cardiac puncture and placed in Eppendorf tubes with EDTA. Blood smears were stained with Ema staining color for its laboratory analysis. The InfoStat was applied as a statistical method for the analysis of the variables to be measured. A total of leukocytes of 1.11 celx105 / mm3 was found, predominating neutrophils with 49.3% followed by lymphocytes with 38.8%, monocytes with 5.9%, eosinophils with 4.3%, basophils with 1.7 % and thrombocytes with 63.8% as an independent series. For the red series, an average of erythrocytes of 1.5 celx106 / mm3, hemoglobin of 7.9 g / dL; hematocrit of 23.3%, plasma proteins 3.3 g / dL, mean corpuscular volume 165 (u3), mean corpuscular hemoglobin 55 (uug) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of 33.3%. In conclusion, it was determined that some individuals presented Leukopenia with Lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. In addition, two individuals presented Normochromic Microcytic Anemia (AMN) and 19 individuals presented Normochromic Normocitic Anemia (ANN). The analysis of Total Plasma Proteins (PPT) determined that the high mortality rate was not due to nutritional deficiency. There was a positive similarity between the VCM and HCM, and negatively with the total number of erythrocytes.The hematological parameters were evaluated in the Oreochromis niloticus species, weighing between 120 and 375 g, where chemical standards of water were included (T °, pH and OD), morphometry and haematological diagnosis, carried out at the Santo Domingo Experimental Farm from the University of the Amazonia, Florencia - Caquetá-Colombia. A directed and completely random sampling of 32 individuals was used, the blood was extracted by cardiac puncture and placed in Eppendorf tubes with EDTA. Blood smears were stained with Ema staining color for its laboratory analysis. The InfoStat was applied as a statistical method for the analysis of the variables to be measured. A total of leukocytes of 1.11 celx105 / mm3 was found, predominating neutrophils with 49.3% followed by lymphocytes with 38.8%, monocytes with 5.9%, eosinophils with 4.3%, basophils with 1.7 % and thrombocytes with 63.8% as an independent series. For the red series, an average of erythrocytes of 1.5 celx106 / mm3, hemoglobin of 7.9 g / dL; hematocrit of 23.3%, plasma proteins 3.3 g / dL, mean corpuscular volume 165 (u3), mean corpuscular hemoglobin 55 (uug) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of 33.3%. In conclusion, it was determined that some individuals presented Leukopenia with Lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. In addition, two individuals presented Normochromic Microcytic Anemia (AMN) and 19 individuals presented Normochromic Normocitic Anemia (ANN). The analysis of Total Plasma Proteins (PPT) determined that the high mortality rate was not due to nutritional deficiency. There was a positive similarity between the VCM and HCM, and negatively with the total number of erythrocyte

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

ANÁLISIS DE PRODUCCIÓN PISCÍCOLA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE FLORENCIA, CAQUETÁ, COLOMBIA

The present work is based on the results obtained after conducting an analysis of fish production in the municipality of Florencia, which is located in the Colombian Amazon; six townships were taken into account; that of El Caraño, that of Santo Domingo, that of Venice, that of San Martín, that of Orteguaza and that of San Pedro. 120 families were surveyed and four basic components related to production were evaluated: the social, the productive, the economic and the legal-environmental components. The data obtained were entered into the Infostat professional version program (Di rienzo, et al., 2019). From there, a principal component-PCA analysis was performed; Regarding the social component, it was found that 120 families depend on the activity under study and that it contributes about 78% of the economic capital of that population; It is also evidenced that a great variety of species are cultivated and that the greatest production takes place in the district of Venice, producing approximately 200 tons per year, to a greater extent of cachama; For its part, the El Caraño district produces mostly silver mojarra (Oreochoromis niloticus) and Amazonian shad (Bricon melonepterus), an average of 1 ton per year; the Santo Domingo district produces carp (Ciprinius carpio) and bocachico (Prochylodus nigricans) in approximately 2 tons per year; San Martín, San Pedro and Orteguaza have medium productions. Among the species with the highest economic value is the pirarucú (Arapaima gigas), with a value of between 20,000 to 26,000 COP per kilogram and the Striped catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fassciatum) with a value of between 11,000 to 14,000 COP per kilogram. It is also evidenced that only one (1)of the 6 townships meets the requirements established for proper environmental and legal operation.El presente trabajo se basa en los resultados obtenidos tras la realización en un análisis sobre la producción piscícola en el municipio de Florencia, el cual se encuentra localizado en la Amazonia colombiana; se tuvieron en cuenta seis corregimientos; el del El Caraño, el de Santo Domingo, el de Venecia, el de San Martín, el de Orteguaza y el de San Pedro. Se encuestó a 120 familias y se evaluaron cuatro componentes básicos relacionados con la producción: el componente social, el productivo, el económico y el legal-ambiental. Los datos obtenidos fueron introducidos en el programa Infostat versión profesional (Di rienzo, et al., 2019). A partir de allí se realizó un análisis de componentes principales-ACP; sobre el componente social se encontró que 120 familias dependen de la actividad objeto de estudio y que ella aporta cerca del 78% del capital económico de esa población; se evidencia además que se cultivan gran variedad de especies y que la mayor producción se desarrolla en el corregimiento de Venecia, produciéndose aproximadamente 200 toneladas por año, en mayor medida de cachama; por su parte, el corregimiento de El Caraño produce mayoritariamente mojarra plateada (Oreochoromis niloticus) y sábalo amazónico (Bricon melonepterus), en promedio de 1 tonelada anual; el corregimiento de Santo domingo produce carpa (Ciprinius carpio) y bocachico (Prochylodus nigricans) en aproximadamente 2 toneladas anuales; San Martín, San Pedro y Orteguaza tienen producciones medias. Dentro de las especies con mayor valor económico se encuentra el pirarucú (Arapaima gigas), con un valor de entre 20.000 a 26.000 COP por kilogramo y el Bagre rayado (Pseudoplatystoma fassciatum) con un valor de entre 11.000 a 14.000 COPpor kilogramo. Se evidencia además que solo uno (1) de los 6 corregimientos cumple con los requerimientos establecidos para el funcionamiento ambiental y legal adecuado

CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOMÉTRICAS DEL HUEVO FÉRTIL Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL SEXO EN AVES DE POSTURA COMERCIAL MARRÓN

The poultry sector has been one of the most dynamic subsectors of the agricultural sector in Colombia during the last decades, however, the aviculture specialized in egg production seeks to find an economical sexing system and easy application, to predict the sex of the bird before hatching Given these circumstances, the present study was carried out as an experiment under controlled conditions to determine the sex of 1000 fertile eggs of commercial brown posture birds of the Lohmann Brown line, with the use of morphometric measurements. Before the incubation, the length, width and weight of the egg were measured. The volume and shape index were calculated using the aforementioned measures. It was found that the morphometric variables width, length and egg shape index showed significant statistical differences under the test LSD Fisher, in the comparison of means of the two sexes (p <0.01), while the volume and weight did not present significant statistical differences between the sexes (p> 0.05). The analysis multiple logistic regression by forward steps showed that the shape index variable was the most informative to capture the probability of the sex of the chick to be incubated. According to the results of the present study, the morphological measurements of the egg can be an indicator of the sex of the chick, making it possible to incubate more female chickens using the predictions of these measurements. In order to reduce the number of male chickens that are killed in hatcheries and increasing the capacity of incubation of female chicks.El sector avícola ha sido uno de los subsectores más dinámicos del sector agropecuario en Colombia durante las últimas décadas, sin embargo, la avicultura especializada en la producción del huevo busca encontrar un sistema de sexado económico y de fácil aplicación, para predecir el sexo del ave antes de la eclosión. Dadas esas circunstancias el presente estudio se llevó a cabo como un experimento bajo condiciones controladas para determinar el sexo de 1000 huevos fértiles de aves de postura comercial marrón de la línea Lohmann Brown, con el uso de mediciones morfométricas. Antes de la incubación se midieron el largo, el ancho y la masa del huevo. El volumen y el índice de forma se calcularon utilizando las medidas anteriormente mencionadas. Se encontró que las variables morfométricas ancho, largo e índice de forma del huevo presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas bajo la prueba LSD de Fisher, en la comparación de medias de los dos sexos (p<0.01), mientras que el volumen y la masa no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los sexos (p>0.05). El análisis de regresión logística múltiple por pasos hacia adelante evidenció que la variable índice de forma fue la más informativa para captar la probabilidad del sexo del pollito a incubar. De acuerdo con los resultados del presente estudio las mediciones morfológicas del huevo pueden ser un indicador del sexo del pollito, haciendo posible incubar más pollos hembras utilizando las predicciones de estas medidas. Con el fin de disminuir el número de pollos machos que son asesinados en los criaderos y aumentando la capacidad de incubación de pollitos hembra

DIAGNÓSTICO DEL ESTADO ACTUAL DE LOS CAPITALES DE LA COMUNIDAD EN EL MARCO DE LOS MEDIOS DE VIDA DEL POBLADO AGUA BONITA, DEL MUNICIPIO DE LA MONTAÑITA - CAQUETÁ: UNA MIRADA DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE SUS PROYECTOS PRODUCTIVOS

Se efectuó un diagnóstico del estado actual de los capitales de la comunidad en el marco de los medios de vida del poblado Agua Bonita del municipio de la Montañita, departamento del Caquetá – Colombia, haciendo énfasis en la sostenibilidad de sus proyectos productivos, desde un enfoque que permitió identificar las estrategias, necesidades y capacidades de la comunidad en relación a todos los aspectos allí establecidos. La primera parte de la investigación fue la caracterización, utilización del enfoque de medios de vida y el marco de los capitales. La segunda, evaluó cada uno de los proyectos productivos del lugar, lo que permitió observar las estrategias de vida y adaptación a la sociedad civil de los excombatientes pertenecientes a la antigua FARC (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia)

Overexpression of BAPT and DBTNBT genes in Taxus baccata in vitro cultures to enhance the biotechnological production of paclitaxel

Paclitaxel is one of the most effective anticancer drugs ever developed. Although the most sustainable approach to its production is provided by plant cell cultures, the yield is limited by bottleneck enzymes in the taxane biosynthetic pathway: baccatin-aminophenylpropanoyl-13-O-transferase (BAPT) and 3'-N-debenzoyltaxol N-benzoyltransferase (DBTNBT). With the aim of enhancing paclitaxel production by overcoming this bottleneck, we obtained distinct lines of Taxus baccata in vitro roots, each independently overexpressing either of the two flux-limiting genes, BAPT or DBTNBT, through a Rhizobium rhizogenes A4-mediated transformation. Due to the slow growth rate of the transgenic Taxus roots, they were dedifferentiated to obtain callus lines and establish cell suspensions. The transgenic cells were cultured in a two-stage system and stimulated for taxane production by a dual elicitation treatment with 1 μm coronatine plus 50 mm of randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrins. A high overexpression of BAPT (59.72-fold higher at 48 h) and DBTNBT (61.93-fold higher at 72 h) genes was observed in the transgenic cell cultures, as well as an improved taxane production. Compared to the wild type line (71.01 mg/L), the DBTNBT line produced more than four times higher amounts of paclitaxel (310 mg/L), while the content of this taxane was almost doubled in the BAPT line (135 mg/L). A transcriptional profiling of taxane biosynthetic genes revealed that GGPPS, TXS and DBAT genes were the most reactive to DBTNBT overexpression and the dual elicitation, their expression increasing gradually and constantly. The same genes exhibited a pattern of isolated peaks of expression in the elicited BAPT-overexpressing line.This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación. REF: PID2020-113438RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) del Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya 2021 SGR00693. D.H.-M. is a Postdoctoral researcher at María Zambrano at the University of Barcelona. His contract is financed by the Ministry of Universities, the European Union Next GenerationEU/PRTR.i and the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan

Tumor of the epididymis: an uncommon presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of arid regions in the Western hemisphere. Its clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic nodules on chest x-rays to disseminated disease. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with a hard and heterogeneous tumor in the posterior aspect of the right testis. Color flow doppler testicular ultrasonography was performed and two nodular masses in the tail of the right epididymis were identified. An epididymectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed coccidioidomycosis. After diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with fluconazol