Andalusian youth: Residential independence and/or economic self-sufficiency?

Se agradece la colaboración y el apoyo recibido de Jorge Guardiola con respecto a la calidad del artículo. Los posibles errores contenidos en este artículo son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores.La actualidad española se caracteriza por un retraso en el calendario en lo que respecta al logro de una emancipación completa, consecuencia de un alargamiento en el periodo formativo y de una inestabilidad y una precariedad considerables en el empleo, entre otras cuestiones. Concretamente, Andalucía es una de las comunidades autónomas con más problemas en este sentido —mayor nivel de desempleo y de precariedad laboral, entre otros aspectos—. El objetivo principal del presente artículo es el de conocer los factores que influyen en la probabilidad de que un joven se emancipe. Para ello se propone distinguir, dentro de la emancipación, cuáles son independientes residencialmente y/o económicamente y, de esta forma, se persigue averiguar si existen diferencias en los factores que influyen en que un joven sea independiente residencialmente y no económicamente, y viceversa. Se ha utilizado una base de datos de 2017, con una muestra de 1.981 jóvenes de 14 a 35 años. La regresión logística multinomial ha sido la técnica de análisis utilizada. Los resultados muestran que los jóvenes que se aproximan más a la finalización de la transición de la juventud tienen más probabilidades de haber formado un hogar propio y de ser autosuficientes económicamente. Sin embargo, aquellos que todavía están formándose o tienen intención de retomar los estudios, están desempleados y no tienen descendencia ni intención de tenerla, se aproximan más a formas de independencia incompletas (residencial o económica) o bien nulas.In recent years, the situation of youth in Spain has been characterized by delayed residential and economic independence as the result of longer training periods, as well as job instability and precariousness, among others. Specifically, Andalusia is one of the regions that most suffers from high levels of unemployment and job insecurity. The main aim of this article is to identify factors that influence the probability that a young person will become emancipated. To this end, we distinguish between young people who are residential and/or economically independent and determine which factors influence whether a young person is residential but not economically independent, and vice versa. The analysis is carried out using a 2017 database with a sample of 1,981 young people aged 14 to 35 years. The analysis is performed using multinomial logistic regression. The results show that people near the end of the transition from youth are more likely to have formed their own home and be financially self-sufficient. However, young people who are still in training or intend to return to education, are unemployed or have no offspring or intention of having one, are more likely to display incomplete forms of independence (residential or economic) or none at all

Boomerang youth in Andalusia; who are they and why are they coming back

Ciertos jóvenes regresan al hogar familiar una vez emancipados, fenómeno conocido como boomerang. El fenómeno boomerang hace referencia al retorno al hogar familiar de los jóvenes tras haber vivido un periodo de emancipación. En este artículo se pretenden analizar los factores que influyen en la decisión de retornar, los modos en que se produce y los perfiles en el caso de jóvenes andaluces que vuelven al hogar familiar. Se ha analizado una encuesta de la juventud andaluza (2017) elaborada para el Diseño del III Plan Integral de Juventud de Andalucía. Los resultados muestran que determinadas variables y situaciones vividas aumentan la probabilidad de retornar -ser mujer, la intención de seguir estudiando, haber sido víctima de violencia o consumir ciertas sustancias estupefacientes de forma habitual-, mientras que otras la disminuyen -el aumento de edad, el mayor nivel de estudios, tener un contrato fijo, tener pareja estable o tener descendencia-. Las causas principales de retorno son las económicas, por razón de estudios y tras una disolución de pareja.Some young people return to the family home once they are independent, a phenomenon known as boomerang. The boomerang phenomenon refers to the return of youth to the family home after a period of independence. This article aims to analyse the factors that influence the decision to return, the ways in which this occurs and the profiles of young Andalusians who return to the family home. A survey of Andalusian youth (2017) prepared for the design of the 3rd Comprehensive Youth Plan of Andalusia has been analysed. The results show that certain variables and situations experienced increase the probability of return -being a woman, the intention to continue studying, having been a victim of violence or consuming certain drugs on a regular basis- while others decrease it -increasing age, higher level of studies, having a permanent contract, having a stable partner or having a descent-. The main causes of return are economic, due to studies and after a partner’s dissolution

Main household breadwinners aged between 25 and 34 years old in Spain (2006, 2011 and 2015)

Este artículo ha sido financiado por el Fondo Social Europeo en colaboración con la Junta de Andalucía y la Universidad de Granada, organismos a los que mostramos nuestra gratitud. Además, se ha contado con la generosa colaboración de Jorge Guardiola Wanden-Berghe, al que le agradecemos su paciencia y dedicación. Los posibles errores contenidos en este artículo son responsabilidad exclusiva de los autoresSe propone conocer la influencia de ciertas variables socioeconómicas sobre la emancipación de los jóvenes dependiendo de si éste es sustentador principal de su hogar, o bien si es hijo o hija del mismo. Con ello se realiza una aproximación a la emancipación de los jóvenes. Tomando como referencia tres fechas concretas (2006, 2011 y 2015) se persigue constatar en qué medida afecta la recesión económica. Se utilizan análisis descriptivos y regresiones logísticas binarias usando la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares. Existen algunas diferencias dependiendo del año, así como también ciertas tendencias generales. A mayor nivel de estudios, es más probable que un joven viva con su sustentador principal, mientras que ser varón, tener entre 30 y 34 años o percibir un salario mayor de 1000 € se aproxima más al perfil de “cabeza de familia”. En cuanto a los sustentadores principales, un varón de 30 a 34 años con un nivel de ingresos mayor de 1000 € es el perfil más próximo al contrato indefinido.It is proposed to know the influence of certain socioeconomic variables depending on whether a young person is the main breadwinner of his or her household, or the child of the main breadwinner. In this way, an approximation is made to the independence of youth. Taking three specific dates as a reference -2006, 2011 and 2015-, the aim is to ascertain the extent to which the economic recession is affecting them. Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regressions have been done, using the Household Budget Survey. There are some differences depending on the year, as well as some general trends. A higher level of education increases the probability that a youth is the child of the main breadwinner of the household, while being male, between 30 and 34 years old or receiving a salary greater than €1,000 is closer to the profile of breadwinner. As for the main breadwinners, a male aged 30 to 34 with an income level greater than €1,000 is the profile closest to a permanent contrac

Dietary Intake and Associated Factors in Long-Term Care Homes in Southeast Spain

Diet is a key modifiable factor in the management of malnutrition and age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, an important issue in long-term care homes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the dietary intake of residents, define dietary patterns, and analyze their association with sex, diet texture, nutritional status, and the presence of sarcopenia. Intake was assessed by the precise weighing method, dietary patterns were defined a posteriori by cluster analysis, and nutritional status and sarcopenia were evaluated by applying the MNA-SF test and EWGSOP algorithm, respectively. A regular diet was consumed by 63% of participants; 56% were at risk of malnutrition and 63% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Intake of potassium, magnesium, zinc, iodine, vitamin D, E, folic acid, and fiber was low in >80% of participants. Protein intake was <1 g/kg/day in 56% of participants and <25 g/meal in 100%. Two dietary patterns were identified, but neither fully met recommendations. The risk of a poorer diet was higher in females and residents with sarcopenia and was lower in those consuming regular diets. In conclusion, action is required to improve the inadequate nutritional intake of long-term care residents

Support and educational participation of families in the countries of southern Europe: an approach to the spanish and portuguese reality

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación en la que se le ha preguntado a los estudiantes universitarios de las ciudades de Granada, Lisboa y Melilla, cuál ha sido el apoyo y la participación de sus padres y madres durante su trayectoria educativa. La investigación comparada atribuye un conjunto de características a los países del sur de Europa que influyen sobre las interacciones diarias de sus habitantes. Mediante el análisis de las relaciones paterno-filiales en materia educativa se ha querido conocer cómo responde la familia, en los momentos de crisis económica, en la educación, si continúa existiendo una división de roles y, finalmente, cuál es el balance emocional experimentado por los estudiantes durante su trayectoria educativa. Para lograr desentrañar los discursos y vivencias, se ha empleado una metodología cualitativa.This report presents the results of an investigation into the support university students in Granada, Lisbon and Melilla have received from their parents during their educational years. Through comparative research we have identified a set of features from these southern Europe countries that influence the daily interactions on their inhabitants. This analysis of parents/children relationships in education has aimed a better understanding how the family responds within the moments of the economical crisis, if there is still a division of roles and, finally, the emotional experience of students throughout their time in education. In order to treat these discourses and experiences we have adopted a qualitative methodology

Calf Circumference, a Valuable Tool to Predict Sarcopenia in Older People Hospitalized with Hip Fracture

Sarcopenia is an important risk factor for hip fracture in older people. Nevertheless, this condition is overlooked in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with sarcopenia among older patients hospitalized for hip fracture, to identify a predictive model of sarcopenia based on variables related to this condition, and to evaluate the performance of screening tools in order to choose the most suitable to be adopted in routine care of older people with hip fracture. A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 90 patients (mean age 83.4 +/- 7.2 years), by assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI) and calf circumference (CC), the functional status (Barthel Index), the nutritional status (MNA-SF), and the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MEDAS). Diagnosis of sarcopenia was established according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). The analysis of variables associated with sarcopenia was performed using multivariate logistic regression models. Clusters of sarcopenia were explored with heatmaps and predictive risk models were estimated. Sarcopenia was confirmed in 30% of hip fracture patients. Variables with the strongest association with sarcopenia were BMI (OR = 0.79 [0.68-0.91], p < 0.05) and CC (OR = 0.64 [0.51-0.81], p < 0.01). CC showed a relatively high predictive capacity of sarcopenia (area under the curve: AUC = 0.82). Furthermore, CC could be a valuable tool to predict sarcopenia risk compared with the currently used screening tools, SARC-F and SARC-CalF (AUC, 0.819 vs. 0.734 and 0.576, respectively). More studies are needed to validate these findings in external study populations

Implicaciones para las sociedades del sur de Europa

UIDB/04647/2020 UIDP/04647/2020Europe is facing new and radical challenges that demand extraordinary resilience from EU members, especially southern European societies, because of their outlying position and specific social problems in comparison with their EU neighbours. The difficulties of building a united Europe in the wake of the economic, financial and political crisis have exposed divergences in EU governance. In this context, sociology is an important tool to inform public policies and to provide the general public with an understanding of current challenges. The uses of sociology have social, political and practical implications in fields that are especially significant for southern European societies, such as welfare, work and employment, education, migration, social cohesion and political participation.publishersversionpublishe

Diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenia in long-term care homes: EWGSOP2 versus EWGSOP1

Antecedentes: la definición y metodología recomendadas para diagnosticar sarcopenia ha ido evolucionando. El consenso más utilizado es el del Grupo Europeo de Trabajo en Sarcopenia en Personas Mayores publicado en 2010 (EWGSOP1), que ha sido actualizado en 2019 (EWGSOP2). Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de sarcopenia en personas mayores institucionalizadas usando el algoritmo del EWGSOP2 y comparar dichos resultados con los obtenidos en el Granada Sarcopenia Study al aplicar el algoritmo del EWGSOP1. Métodos: para evaluar la sarcopenia se midieron la masa muscular con un impedanciómetro, la fuerza muscular con un dinamómetro y la velocidad de la marcha en un recorrido de cuatro metros. Para la comparación de los resultados se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad utilizando la versión 20 de SPSS. Resultados: según el EWGSOP2, el 60,1% tenía sarcopenia y el 58,1% tenía sarcopenia grave, resultados sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas al compararlos con los obtenidos según el EWGSOP1 (63% tenía sarcopenia y 61,2%, sarcopenia grave). Tampoco se hallaron diferencias significativas al comparar los sujetos con baja masa muscular según las fórmulas propuestas en uno y otro consenso, mientras que sí las hubo al comparar los sujetos con baja fuerza muscular debido a la variación en los puntos de corte. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de sarcopenia en personas mayores institucionalizadas es alta, destacando una gran mayoría de sujetos con baja fuerza muscular y bajo rendimiento físico. La utilización de la metodología propuesta por el EWGSOP2 no influyó en los resultados de prevalencia de sarcopenia obtenidos al aplicar el EWGSOP1

Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary behaviours of the Spanish adult population were changed during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement. For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. A total of 7514 participants (37% aged below 35 years, 70.6% female, 77.9% university-level education or higher) from all the Spanish territory completed the questionnaire. Results outlined healthier dietary behaviours during the confinement when compared to previous habits. Overall, the MEDAS score (ranging from 0 to 14, whereby higher a scoring reflects greater adherence to the MedDiet) increased significantly from 6.53 ± 2 to 7.34 ± 1.93 during the confinement. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. COVID-19 confinement in Spain has led to the adoption of healthier dietary habits/behaviours in the studied population, as reflected by a higher adherence to the MedDiet. This improvement, if sustained in the long-term, could have a positive impact on the prevention of chronic diseases and COVID-19-related complications.Fundacion Iberoamericana de Nutricion (FINUT)Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion (SEN)Sociedad Espanola De Nutricion Comunitaria (SENC)Federacion de Nutricion (FESNAD)Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Clinica y Metabolismo (SENPE)European Federation of the Associations of Dietitians (EFAD)Sociedad Andaluza de Nutricion Clinica y Dietetica (SANCYD)Fundacion Dieta AtlanticaColegio Oficial de Dietistas Nutricionistas de Andalucia (CODINAN)Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) RYC-2015-1879

El índice de calidad de la nutrición en las residencias de ancianos (QUINN). Una nueva herramienta para evaluar la calidad de la dieta en las residencias de ancianos

Acknowledgements: the authors would like to thank the cooperation of the personnel of this institution — Yolanda Velasco, Alfredo Zapatero-Llanos, Carolina Calderon-Niño, and Lidia Peña-Rampérez, and all the residents of the center who participated in the study. The authors would like to thank Verónica Casanova- Muñoz for her constructive comments on some aspects of this manuscript.Background: the assessment of diet quality (DQ) is fundamental to the study of disease-diet associations, and it is necesary to implement an easy to-apply tool in nursing homes (NHs). Our objective was to propose and apply a novel diet quality indicator (DQIn) using an a priori approach for NHs. Methods: the QUality Index for Nutrition in Nursing homes (QUINN) was implemented in a public NH located in Valladolid, Spain, during a 5-week period (n = 137 subjects). The choice of the QUINN components was based on a rapid review. The QUINN was based on 15 dietary components — 12 were basic (vegetables, fruits, legumes, olive oil, cereals, dairy, white fish and seafood, white-meat, eggs/positive; other fats, red and processed meat, and sweets/negative), and 3 were supplementary (fruits and vegetables variety, oily-fish, and whole-grains/positive). Each component was classified into 4-categories (0, 1, 2 o 3 points; range: 0-45 points). Results: the QUINN was tested on a menu offered by a NH giving a result of 34 points (good diet). The components with the highest scores were related to the Mediterranean diet (high consumption of legumes, olive oil, white fish and shellfish; low intake of other fats; and a wide variety of fruits and vegetables), together with cereals, white meat, dairy, and eggs. The components that required a major change were red- and processed-meats, sweets, and whole grains. Conclusion: the menu of this Spanish NH showed a good DQ according to the QUINN. The assessment of the DQ in NHs using QUINN will allow the proposal of interventions aimed at improving their diet.Antecedentes: la valoración de la calidad de la dieta es fundamental para el estudio de las asociaciones enfermedad-dieta, y es necesario implantar una herramienta de fácil aplicación en las residencias de ancianos. Nuestro objetivo fue proponer y aplicar un nuevo indicador de calidad de la dieta (diet quality indicator, DQIn) utilizando un enfoque a priori para su utilización en residencias de ancianos. Métodos: el Índice de Calidad Nutricional en Residencias de Ancianos (QUality Index for Nutrition in Nursing homes, QUINN) se aplicó en una residencia pública de Valladolid durante un periodo de 5 semanas (n = 137 sujetos). La elección de los componentes del QUINN se basó en una revisión rápida. En el QUINN se consideraron 15 componentes dietéticos, 12 básicos (verduras, frutas, legumbres, aceite de oliva, cereales, lácteos, pescado blanco y marisco, carnes blancas, huevos/positivos; otras grasas, carnes rojas y procesadas, y dulces/negativos) y 3 adicionales (variedad de frutas y verduras, pescado azul, y cereales integrales/positivos). Cada componente se clasificó en 4 categorías (0, 1, 2 o 3 puntos; rango: 0-45 puntos). Resultados: el QUINN se aplicó en el menú ofertado por una residencia de ancianos dando un resultado de 34 puntos (dieta de buena calidad). Los componentes con mayor puntuación estaban relacionados con la dieta mediterránea (alto consumo de legumbres, aceite de oliva, pescado blanco y marisco, bajo consumo de otras grasas y variedad de frutas y verduras), junto con los cereales, las carnes blancas, los lácteos y los huevos. Los componentes que requerían un cambio importante fueron las carnes rojas y procesadas, los dulces y los cereales integrales. Conclusión: el menú de esta residencia de ancianos situada en España mostró una calidad de la dieta buena según el QUINN. La evaluación de la calidad de la dieta en las residencias de ancianos mediante el QUINN permitirá proponer intervenciones para mejorar la dieta