CONCORDANCIA Y REPRODUCIBILIDAD DE LA NUEVA CLASIFICACIÓN AOSPINE PARA FRACTURAS VERTEBRALES TORACOLUMBARES

Objetivo: Analizar el grado de concordancia interobservador e intraobservador en la clasificación de fracturas vertebrales toracolumbares traumáticas según la clasificación AOSpine. Diseño: Estudio de concordancia Métodos: Se analizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada (TC) de 60 pacientes con fracturas traumáticas vertebrales toracolumbares. Dos radiólogos con distinta experiencia en patología espinal (un neurorradiólogo y un radiólogo general) clasificaron las fracturas según el modelo propuesto por AOSpine evaluando cada fractura en dos ocasiones con un intervalo de tiempo mínimo de dos meses entre ellas. Se utilizó el coeficiente Kappa para evaluar los grados de concordancia global y porcentajes de concordancia para el análisis de concordancia por tipos. Resultados: La concordancia interobservador global de las fracturas clasificadas por sus tipos (A, B, C) fue excelente con valores k = 0.803 (0.712-0.9). La concordancia interobservador global por subtipos fue moderada con un valor k = 606 (0.306-1). La concordancia intraobservador fue excelente para ambos evaluadores (0.859 y 0.802). Conclusión: La clasificación de las fracturas vertebrales toracolumbares mediante el sistema propuesto por AOSpine tiene unos niveles de concordancia y reproductibilidad adecuados para su empleo por radiólogos con distinto nivel de experiencia. Estudios futuros con un mayor número de casos y observadores podrían llegar a obtener resultados más representativos.<br /

Facial Self-Touching and the Propagation of COVID-19: The Role of Gloves in the Dental Practice

Background: Despite facial self-touching being a possible source of transmission of SARS- Co-V-2 its role in dental practice has not been studied. Factors such as anxiety symptoms or threat perception of COVID-19 may increase the possibility of contagion. The objective was to compare the impact of control measures, such as gloves or signs in the reduction in facial self-touching. Methods: An intra-subject design was undertaken with 150 adults. The patients' movements in the waiting room were monitored with Microsoft Kinect software on three occasions: without any con- trol measures, using plastic gloves or using advisory signs against self-touching. Additionally, the participants completed the sub-scale of STAI (State-Anxiety) and the BIP-Q5 (Brief Illness Percep- tion Questionnaire); their blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Results: The lowest inci- dence of facial self-touching occurred in the experimental situation in which gloves were intro- duced. The subjects with elevated anxiety symptoms realized more facial self-touching regardless of the control measures. However, the threat perception of COVID-19 is associated negatively with facial self-touching. Conclusions: The use of gloves is a useful control measure in the reduction in facial touching. However, people with anxiety symptoms regardless of whether they have greater threat perception for COVID-19 exhibit more facial touching

Bifunctional thiourea-modified polymers of intrinsic microporosity for enantioselective α-amination of 3-aryl-2-oxindoles in batch and flow conditions

Producción CientíficaTwo novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity decorated with chiral thioureas have been used as recoverable organocatalysts in enantioselective α-amination of 3-aryl-substituted oxindoles, creating a quaternary stereocenter. Both catalysts were able to promote the reaction in excellent yields and good enantioselection. Catalyst II, with a pyridyl nucleus, was used in recycling experiments maintaining the activity without additional reactivation, and in flow processes allowing the synthesis of the amination product in multigram scale.Junta de Castilla y León (Projects FEDER VA115P17, and VA149G18

Perceived vulnerability to Coronavirus infection: impact on dental practice

SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus responsible for the outbreak of the respiratory disease COVID-19, which has spread to several countries around the world, causing considerable consternation and a fear of contagions in global healthcare settings. The objective of this study is to identify, among Madrid’s adult population, the impact of COVID-19 on self-perceived vulnerability, infectiousness, aversion to germs, and other behaviors in the current situation regarding dental practice. This cross-sectional observational study involves 1,008 persons randomly surveyed on the streets of Madrid, Spain between March 1 and March 8, 2020. Their perceived vulnerability to disease was measured using the perceived vulnerability to disease scale. An additional questionnaire evaluated basic sociodemographic aspects, medical history, personal hygiene behavior, willingness to go to certain places and the perception of the risk of contagion when going to a dental practice. There are significant differences by sex on the germ aversion subscale (p &lt; 0.05) and in the risk of waiting in the waiting room (p &lt; 0.01), tooth extraction ((p &lt; 0.05), endodontics (p &lt; 0.05) and fillings ((p &lt; 0.05). Women consider the risk to be higher than men do. The risk group (over 60 and with systemic disease) has significant differences on the subscales of infectivity (p &lt; 0.01) and germ aversion (p &lt; 0.01). Our study shows high levels of vulnerability regarding contracting COVID-19 and avoiding dental care as perceived by the population over 60 years old and with a systemic disease

Anxiety and facial self-contacts: possible impact on COVID‐19 transmission in dental practice

Background The purpose was to analyse the associations between dental and trait anxiety, fear of COVID-19 and the duration and frequency of spontaneous hand-to-face contact (self-contact). Methods A cross-sectional design was carried out with 128 adult patients from four dental clinics in Madrid, during the confinement, from March 15 to May 15. The patients' movements in the waiting room were monitored with Microsoft Kinect Software, also completed the Trait anxiety subscale of the STAI, the COVID-19 Fear and the S-DAI questionnaire. Results Associations were observed between the duration and frequency of facial, mask and eye contact with trait anxiety and dental fear was determined only by the frequency of this self-contact. Trait anxiety is associated with dental anxiety and with fear of COVID-19. Although facial self-contact is higher in women, it also rises in men as dental fear increases. Moreover, dental anxiety is a good predictor of trait anxiety and the incidence of facial self-contact. Conclusions Understanding the possible associations between biopsychosocial factors, such as trait anxiety, dental anxiety and self-contact is important. It may help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the population as well as enabling the formulation of effective interventions to improve oral health care through the implementation of dental care programmes

Enantioselective amination of 4-substituted pyrazolones catalyzed by oxindole-containing thioureas and by a recyclable linear-polymer-supported analogue in a continuous flow process

Producción CientíficaA highly efficient organocatalytic amination of 4-substituted pyrazolones with azodicarboxylates mediated by a novel quinine-derived thiourea with a 3,3-diaryl-oxindole scaffold is reported. This synthetic method furnished 4-amino-5-pyrazolones in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97:3 er) at room temperature in short reaction times. Moreover, a linear-polymer-supported bifunctional thiourea, synthesized by reacting a bifunctional aromatic monomer (biphenyl) with isatin in superacidic media and further derivatization, was proven to be also an efficient heterogeneous organocatalyst for this α-amination reaction. The practical value of this process was demonstrated by the use of the immobilized catalyst in recycling experiments, maintaining the activity without additional reactivation, and in flow processes, allowing the synthesis of 4-amino-pyrazolone derivatives in a gram scale with high yield and enantioselectivity.Agencia Estatal de Investigación- FEDER-UE (PID2020-118547GB-I00)Junta de Castilla y León (VA224P20

A systematic literature review of decision-making and control systems for autonomous and social robots

In the last years, considerable research has been carried out to develop robots that can improve our quality of life during tedious and challenging tasks. In these contexts, robots operating without human supervision open many possibilities to assist people in their daily activities. When autonomous robots collaborate with humans, social skills are necessary for adequate communication and cooperation. Considering these facts, endowing autonomous and social robots with decision-making and control models is critical for appropriately fulfiling their initial goals. This manuscript presents a systematic review of the evolution of decision-making systems and control architectures for autonomous and social robots in the last three decades. These architectures have been incorporating new methods based on biologically inspired models and Machine Learning to enhance these systems’ possibilities to developed societies. The review explores the most novel advances in each application area, comparing their most essential features. Additionally, we describe the current challenges of software architecture devoted to action selection, an analysis not provided in similar reviews of behavioural models for autonomous and social robots. Finally, we present the future directions that these systems can take in the future.The research leading to these results has received funding from the projects: Robots Sociales para Estimulación Física, Cognitiva y Afectiva de Mayores (ROSES), RTI2018-096338-B-I00, funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Robots sociales para mitigar la soledad y el aislamiento en mayores (SOROLI), PID2021-123941OA-I00, funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. This publication is part of the R&D&I project PLEC2021-007819 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR

La población altomedieval de Sta. María de Tejuela (Bozoó, Burgos). Notas paleodemográficas

Se analizan los datos que proporciona el estudio antropológico y arqueológico del cementerio altomedieval de Santa María de Tejuela (Bozoó, Burgos) que pueden aportar alguna información sobre aspectos paleodemográficos. El número de individuos exhumados asciende a 182, aunque solo se ha podido asignar edad y sexo a 125 de ellos. El número de individuos infantiles y juveniles es reducido, lo que proporciona un índice de juventud muy bajo. Entre los adultos los resultados sobre la mortalidad son los propios de una población rural medieval que vivió bajo duras condiciones de vida, sobre todo las mujeres. La mayoría de enterramientos de adultos sugiere una población con una aparente baja fertilidadEste trabajo se ha realizado dentro del proyecto HAR2016-75788-P “Salud y alimentación en poblaciones rurales de la España medieval” financiado por el Gobierno de Españ

Aproximación a los modos de vida en la Granada medieval a partir del estudio de la patología dental

El estudio de la patología dental constituye una clave de acceso al conocimiento de la dieta y modos de vida de poblaciones del pasado. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar frecuencias de patología dental en la población medieval de Granada para incrementar el conocimiento sobre su dieta. Se ha registrado la presencia de caries, pérdidas de piezas en vida y el total de lesiones en un total de 135 individuos de 20 a 60 años de edad. Las mujeres son quienes presentan peor salud oral, no solo por factores vinculados con el embarazo y la maternidad, sino principalmente- por consumir una dieta más cariogénica. Los resultados obtenidos, aunque con porcentajes más bajos de los de otras poblaciones medievales de la Península Ibérica, no difieren de los presentes a nivel europeo, lo que sugiere que el azúcar de caña, cultivado en al-Andalus, no se utilizó en las cantidades en las que fue consumido posteriormente.Proyecto «Salud y alimentación en poblaciones del sureste de al-Andalus» (Ref. PID2019-107654GB-100) financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de Españ

Diferentes modos de vida, diferentes dietas. Caries e isótopos estables en dos poblaciones burgalesas medievales

Se comparan dos poblaciones burgalesas medievales con cementerios excavados en roca: Palacios de la Sierra (siglos IX-XIII), núcleo con economía basada principalmente en ganadería y explotación maderera en un entorno frío y montañoso, y Santa María de Tejuela (siglos VIII-XI), con economía fundamentalmente agrícola en una planicie y clima más cálido. La hipótesis del estudio es que deberían existir diferencias en su dieta. Se han analizado los isótopos estables de C y N de 101 individuos y la patología máxilo-dentaria de 79. Palacios de la Sierra, muestra una dieta con un elevado consumo de proteínas animales, superior al de Santa María de Tejuela, y menor patología dental en general. Las diferencias son estadísticamente significativas entre ambos sexos en Palacios, donde destaca un elevado consumo de proteínas animales y una menor tasa de patología dental entre las mujeres. Los resultados obtenidos están en consonancia con la hipótesis del estudioEste trabajo se ha llevado a cabo dentro del Proyecto “Salud y alimentación en poblaciones rurales de la España Medieval” (HAR2016-75788-P) financiado por el Gobierno de España