Population bound effects on bosonic correlations in non-inertial frames

We analyse the effect of bounding the occupation number of bosonic field modes on the correlations among all the different spatial-temporal regions in a setting in which we have a space-time with a horizon along with an inertial observer. We show that the entanglement between A (inertial observer) and R (uniformly accelerated observer) depends on the bound N, contrary to the fermionic case. Whether or not decoherence increases with N depends on the value of the acceleration a. Concerning the bipartition A-antiR (Alice with an observer in Rindler's region IV), we show that no entanglement is created whatever the value of N and a. Furthermore, AR entanglement is very quickly lost for finite N and for infinite N. We will study in detail the mutual information conservation law found for bosons and fermions. By means of the boundary effects associated to N finiteness, we will show that for bosons this law stems from classical correlations while for fermions it has a quantum origin. Finally, we will present the strong N dependence of the entanglement in R-antiR bipartition and compare the fermionic cases with their finite N bosonic analogs. We will also show the anti-intuitive dependence of this entanglement on statistics since more entanglement is created for bosons than for their fermion counterparts.Comment: revtex 4, 12 pages, 10 figures. Added Journal ref

Antifungal effect and reduction of Ulmus minor symptoms to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi by carvacrol and salicylic acid

There are still no effective means to control Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the vascular fungi Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi. Plant phenolics may provide a new strategy for DED control, given their known antifungal activity against pathogens and their involvement in plant defence mechanisms. The in vitro antifungal activity of salicylic acid, carvacrol, thymol, phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, and 2,5-xylenol against the DED pathogens was tested. Also, the protective effect of watering Ulmus minor seedlings with these compounds was tested against O. novo-ulmi. Salicylic acid, carvacrol, and thymol showed the strongest antifungal in vitro activity, while carvacrol and salicylic acid provided the strongest in vivo protection against O. novo-ulmi (63 and 46% reduction of leaf wilting symptoms with respect to controls, respectively). The effect of the treatments on tree phenology was low, and a significant negative relation was observed between the number of days to bud burst and the leaf wilting symptoms after inoculation, probably determined by genetic differences among the elm tree progenies used. The treatments with salicylic acid, carvacrol and thymol induced the highest shift in phenolic metabolite profile with respect to control trees. The protective effect of carvacrol and salicylic acid is discussed in terms of their combined activity as antifungal compounds and as inductors of tree defence responses

Estudio preliminar sobre el efecto del ultrasonido en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del vino tinto

Ultrasound is regarded as a potential alternative method for improving the quality of some wines. This study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effects of ultrasound on some important physicochemical properties of red wine such as chromatic characteristics (CC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total phenolic compounds (TPCs) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (DFRSA). The operational parameters assessed were ultrasound power, ultrasound frequency, exposure time and bath temperature. Results illustrated that there were significant changes in CC, EC and TPC while pH and TA hardly changed except for samples treated at high temperatures. DFRSA was correlated to TPC during ultrasonic treatment. Application of principal component analysis to the experimental data suggested that exposure time was the factor with the greatest ability to induce changes on wine. Results suggested that ultrasound may be applied to improve some physicochemical properties of red wine.El ultrasonido se considera uno de los métodos alternativos potenciales para mejorar la calidad de algunos vinos. Se comenzó este estudio con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos del ultrasonido en algunas de la propiedades fisicoquímicas importantes del vino tinto como son: las características cromáticas (CC), la conductividad eléctrica (EC), el pH, la acidez (TA), los compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC) y el DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil) de actividad de eliminación de radicales libres (DFRSA). Los parámetros operacionales examinados fueron: la potencia de ultrasonido, la frecuencia de ultrasonido, el tiempo de exposición y la temperatura de baño. Los resultados ilustraron la existencia de cambios significativos en CC, EC y TPC, mientras que el pH y TA prácticamente no cambiaron excepto en las muestras tratadas con altas temperaturas. DFRSA tuvo correlación con TPC durante el tratamiento con ultrasonido. La aplicación de análisis de componentes principales a los datos experimentales sugirió que el tiempo de exposición era el factor con mayor habilidad para inducir cambios en el vino. Los resultados sugirieron que el ultrasonido podría aplicarse para mejorar algunas de las propiedades fisicoquímicas del vino tinto.National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 31101324]Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China [No. 2015JM3097]Technology Transfer Promotion Project of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China [No.CXY1434(5)]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [Nos. GK201302039, GK201404006

Xystreurys rasilis

This demersal species is distributed from southern Brazil to Argentina. It is taken in commercial fisheries in Uruguay and northern Argentina, which is where its largest global abundance exists. According to stock assessment and fisheries data, there is no decline detected in the demersal stock in Argentina and Uruguay and abundance indices show an increase in recent years (since 2014). Conservation measures in Argentina and Uruguay include a total allowable catch limit and regular monitoring of stock status.Fishing is not expected to be driving declines approaching a threatened or Near Threatened level at this time; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern.Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Comparing Regional Attitudes toward Immigrants in Six European Countries

Many immigrants have risked their lives searching for a better future by crossing the Mediterranean Sea or the Atlantic Ocean. The Canary Islands became the centre of another emerging humanitarian and human rights crisis at Europe’s frontier in 2020. The study aims to analyse whether attitudes towards immigrants are affected by territories close to these humanitarian crises. To this end, the study is based on previous studies using a Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS method to analyse attitudes toward immigrants. The synthetic indicator will be built upon a set of eight indicators that proxy the ethnic, economic, cultural, and religious threats experienced by the citizens. The International Social Survey Program (ISSP) dataset for the year 2013 for six countries, namely Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, United Kingdom, and Portugal, will be used. Results show that the attitude toward immigrants is affected by the territorial dimension as classified by the nomenclature of territorial units for statistics at NUTS2 and NUTS3 levels, and that attitudes are very different between those of some of the archipelagos and islands considered in the study. In particular, our results point out a sort of duality between the Balearic Islands - the most open territory toward immigrants, and Corse - the least open territory toward immigrants

Unveiling quantum entanglement degradation near a Schwarzschild black hole

We analyze the entanglement degradation provoked by the Hawking effect in a bipartite system Alice-Rob when Rob is in the proximities of a Schwarzschild black hole while Alice is free falling into it. We will obtain the limit in which the tools imported from the Unruh entanglement degradation phenomenon can be used properly, keeping control on the approximation. As a result, we will be able to determine the degree of entanglement as a function of the distance of Rob to the event horizon, the mass of the black hole, and the frequency of Rob's entangled modes. By means of this analysis we will show that all the interesting phenomena occur in the vicinity of the event horizon and that the presence of event horizons do not effectively degrade the entanglement when Rob is far off the black hole. The universality of the phenomenon is presented: There are not fundamental differences for different masses when working in the natural unit system adapted to each black hole. We also discuss some aspects of the localization of Alice and Rob states. All this study is done without using the single mode approximation.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, revtex4. Added Journal referenc

An integrated pump-controlled variable coupler fabricated by ultrafast laser writing

The design and fabrication of a integrated symmetric directional coupler dependent o the pumping power and operating at a 1534 nm wavelength is reported. The twin-core waveguide was inscribed into Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass by a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. By optical pumping, the coupling ratio can be modulated due to the changes induced in the refractive index of the material. The experimental results demonstrated that the coupling ratio can be tuned continuously from 100/0 to 50/50 by increasing the pump’s power from 0 to 350 mW. The developed twin-core coupler has promising applications for on-chip all-optical signal processing and communication systems

Maritime Climate in the Canary Islands and its Implications for the Construction of Coastal Infrastructures

Islands are isolated systems that depend on maritime trade for their subsistence. Efficient, durable and structurally reliable port infrastructures are essential for the economic and social development of islands. However, not all port infrastructures are designed in the same way. They can vary, depending on whether they are built on continental land, built on non-volcanic islands or built on volcanic oceanic islands (such as the Canary Islands, Spain). The latter islands are the subject of this study due to their specific features, construction difficulties and the importance of sound maritime infrastructures. The maritime climate of an area consists of the wave and storm regimes that affect it and, from these, the coastal dynamics and coastal formations of that area can be studied. For this reason, historical data were collated on significant directional wave heights from 1958 to 2015 from several WANA-SIMAR points in the virtual buoy network of State Ports of Spain located near the Canary Islands. These data have been studied to obtain the maximum directional wave heights (Hs) at each point. With this analysis, we have obtained useful summary tables to calculate wave height by a graphic method that transforms the distribution function into a line drawn on probabilistic paper, using reduced variables. This enables adjustments to be made by linear regression and minimum square methods to facilitate planning and design of maritime infrastructures in a reliable way. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-02 Full Text: PD

Coupled two-core integrated waveguides modal analysis

We present a modal analysis of coupled two-core integrated waveguides fabricated by femtosecond laser writing as a function of the core-to-core distance, illuminating position and input light wavelength. In order to do that we use the correlation filter method, implementing the computer generated holograms in a phase-only spatial light modulator. Due to the two-core waveguide symmetry, we prove it is not necessary to encode the complex amplitude in a phase-only device as long as the cores are not strongly coupled. A comparison between experimental and numerical modal weights is presented, showing that simple phase-only match filters allow the modal decomposition of two-core waveguides output beams

Cyanobacteria distribution and abundance in the Spanish water reservoirs during thermal stratification

A study of the distribution and abundance of Cyanobacteria in 47 Spanish water reservoirs revealed a significant correlation between these algae and total phosphorus in the water. Cyanobacteria distribution was related to the N:P ratio, and they were scarce when the atomic ratio of total inorganic N / total P exceeded 50. The N:P ratio was influenced by the geology of the catchment, and it was lower in the solute-poor waters of western Iberian Peninsula, where Cyanobacteria were more abundant (mainly the Nostocales). Therefore, this area would be more prone to present problems derived from Cyanobacteria proliferation than the eastern part of Spain. In the studied reservoirs we have recorded 45 taxa of Cyanobacteria, many of which can produce toxins. A comparison of our results with those of previous studies served to conclude that Cyanobacteria have increased both in biomass and species number in Spanish reservoirs.El estudio de la distribución y abundancia de Cianobacterias en 47 embalses españoles reveló una correlación significativa entre estas algas y la concentración de fósforo total en el agua. La distribución de Cianobacterias estuvo relacionada con el cociente N:P, siendo generalmente poco abundantes cuando la relación atómica N inorgánico total / P total fue superior a 50. La relación N:P en el agua está influenciada por la geología de la cuenca, y fue menor en las aguas menos mineralizadas del oeste de la Península Ibérica, donde las cianobacterias fueron más abundantes (especialmente las nostocales). Por lo tanto, esta zona de la península Ibérica sería más propensa a sufrir problemas relacionados con la proliferación de Cianobacterias que la zona este de España. En los embalses estudiados hemos encontrado 45 taxones de Cianobacterias, muchas de las cuales pueden producir toxinas. La comparación de nuestros resultados con estudios realizados previamente sirvió para concluir que en los embalses españoles se ha producido un aumento del número de especies y de la biomasa de Cianobacterias