1,485 research outputs found
Multisymplectic geometry, variational integrators, and nonlinear PDEs
This paper presents a geometric-variational approach to continuous and
discrete mechanics and field theories. Using multisymplectic geometry, we show
that the existence of the fundamental geometric structures as well as their
preservation along solutions can be obtained directly from the variational
principle. In particular, we prove that a unique multisymplectic structure is
obtained by taking the derivative of an action function, and use this structure
to prove covariant generalizations of conservation of symplecticity and
Noether's theorem. Natural discretization schemes for PDEs, which have these
important preservation properties, then follow by choosing a discrete action
functional. In the case of mechanics, we recover the variational symplectic
integrators of Veselov type, while for PDEs we obtain covariant spacetime
integrators which conserve the corresponding discrete multisymplectic form as
well as the discrete momentum mappings corresponding to symmetries. We show
that the usual notion of symplecticity along an infinite-dimensional space of
fields can be naturally obtained by making a spacetime split. All of the
aspects of our method are demonstrated with a nonlinear sine-Gordon equation,
including computational results and a comparison with other discretization
schemes.Comment: LaTeX2E, 52 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Comm. Math. Phy
The Jacobi-Maupertuis Principle in Variational Integrators
In this paper, we develop a hybrid variational integrator based on the Jacobi-Maupertuis Principle of Least Action. The Jacobi-Maupertuis principle states that for a mechanical system with total energy E and potential energy V(q), the curve traced out by the system on a constant energy surface minimizes the action given by ∫√[2(E-V(q))] ds where ds is the line element on the constant energy surface with respect to the kinetic energy of the system. The key feature is that the principle is a parametrization independent geodesic problem. We show that this principle can be combined with traditional variational integrators and can be used to efficiently handle high velocity regions where small time steps would otherwise be required. This is done by switching between the Hamilton principle and the Jacobi-Maupertuis principle depending upon the kinetic energy of the system. We demonstrate our technique for the Kepler problem and discuss some ongoing and future work in studying the energy and momentum behavior of the resulting integrator
Model reduction for analysis of cascading failures in power systems
In this paper, we apply a principal-orthogonal decomposition based method to the model reduction of a hybrid, nonlinear model of a power network. The results demonstrate that the sequence of fault events can be evaluated and predicted without necessarily simulating the whole system
Geometric discrete analogues of tangent bundles and constrained Lagrangian systems
Discretizing variational principles, as opposed to discretizing differential
equations, leads to discrete-time analogues of mechanics, and, systematically,
to geometric numerical integrators. The phase space of such variational
discretizations is often the set of configuration pairs, analogously
corresponding to initial and terminal points of a tangent vectors. We develop
alternative discrete analogues of tangent bundles, by extending tangent vectors
to finite curve segments, one curve segment for each tangent vector. Towards
flexible, high order numerical integrators, we use these discrete tangent
bundles as phase spaces for discretizations of the variational principles of
Lagrangian systems, up to the generality of nonholonomic mechanical systems
with nonlinear constraints. We obtain a self-contained and transparent
development, where regularity, equations of motion, symmetry and momentum, and
structure preservation, all have natural expressions.Comment: Typos corrected. New abstract. Diagrams added. Some additional
information and a conclusions section adde
Optimal Pollution Mitigation in Monterey Bay Based on Coastal Radar Data and Nonlinear Dynamics
The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0630691High-frequency (HF) radar technology produces detailed
velocity maps near the surface of estuaries and bays. The
use of velocity data in environmental prediction, nonetheless,
remains unexplored. In this paper, we uncover a striking
flow structure in coastal radar observations of Monterey
Bay, along the California coastline. This complex structure
governs the spread of organic contaminants, such as
agricultural runoff which is a typical source of pollution in
the bay. We show that a HF radar-based pollution
release scheme using this flow structure reduces the
impact of pollution on the coastal environment in the bay.
We predict the motion of the Lagrangian flow structures
from finite-time Lyapunov exponents of the coastal HF velocity
data. From this prediction, we obtain optimal release
times, at which pollution leaves the bay most efficiently.Office of Naval Research grant N00014-01-1-0208ASAP MURI N00014-02-1-0826Office of Naval Research grant N00014-01-1-0208ASAP MURI N00014-02-1-082
Effects of quality grade, aging period, blade tenderization, and degree of doneness on tenderness of inside round steaks
We used 162 inside rounds to determine the
influence of different quality grades, postmortem
aging periods, blade tenderization passes, and
degree of doneness on thawing and cooking
losses and Warner-Bratzler Shear force (WBS,
tenderness). Select (SEL), Choice (CHO), and
Certified Angus Beefâ„¢ (CAB) inside rounds
were aged for 7, 14, or 21 days and not tenderized
(0X) or blade tenderized one (1X) or two
(2X) times. Steaks from each inside round
were assigned randomly to final endpoint cooking
temperatures of 150, 160, and 170°F.
Percentage of thawing loss was higher (P<.05)
for steaks aged 7 days than steaks aged 14 and
21 days. For CHO steaks only, cooking loss
was higher (P<.05) for the 2X group compared
to the 0X and 1X groups. Steaks aged 14 and
21 days had lower (P<.05) WBS than steaks
aged 7 days. Cooking loss and WBS were
higher (P<.05) with each increase in endpoint
cooking temperature. Postmortem aging (14 or
21 days) and lower endpoint cooking temperatures
were the most effective methods to improve
WBS of inside round steaks
Stability transitions for axisymmetric relative equilibria of Euclidean symmetric Hamiltonian systems
In the presence of noncompact symmetry, the stability of relative equilibria
under momentum-preserving perturbations does not generally imply robust
stability under momentum-changing perturbations. For axisymmetric relative
equilibria of Hamiltonian systems with Euclidean symmetry, we investigate
different mechanisms of stability: stability by energy-momentum confinement,
KAM, and Nekhoroshev stability, and we explain the transitions between these.
We apply our results to the Kirchhoff model for the motion of an axisymmetric
underwater vehicle, and we numerically study dissipation induced instability of
KAM stable relative equilibria for this system.Comment: Minor revisions. Typographical errors correcte
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