Pemanfaatan Permainan Snake And Ladder dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bicara Siswa dalam Bahasa Inggris melalui di Kelas Vii-A SMP Negeri 5 Kota Sorong

Snake and Ladder merupakan suatu permainan yang dikenal siswa sejak lama dan kegiatan yang menyenangkan, serta pada permainan awalnya banyak melibatkan siswa untuk berbicara selama permainan. Dengan modifikasi permainan Snake and Ladder dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini, diharapkan permainan ini dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bicara siswa dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang meliputi dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu 1) perencanaan, 2) tindakan, 3) pengamatan, dan 4) refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 5 Kota Sorong yang berjumlah 40 siswa. Sumber data berasal dari guru dan siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari pengolahan hasil tes performa formatif dalam 2 siklus menunjukkan durasi bicara siswa meningkat rata-rata 8 menit, penguasaan kosakata lebih banyak dengan penggunaan diksi yang lebih baik dan benar, ide dan gagasan dapat lebih tersampaikan dengan baik. Sementara itu, dari hasil wawancara menunjukkan siswa lebih termotivasi untuk bicara dan pembelajaran dirasakan menyenangkan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa snake and ladder mampu meningkatkan kemampuan bicara siswa kelas VII A SMP Negeri 5 Kota Sorong dalam bahasa Inggris

Telaah Kesiapan dan Prospek Implementasi Sak Etap: Studi Kasus pada Pengusaha UMKM Garmen di Pusat Grosir Surabaya

Standar Akuntansi untuk Entitas tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) was made and approved by DSAK-IAI as an alternative form of a simplified accounting standards that can be used by entities without public accountability for the implementation of accounting system better. The term entity without public accountability refers to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises or so called SMEs. DSAK-IAI hopes that this SAK ETAP can make SMEs in Indonesia have a better accounting system to create financial statements that can be used independently for the importance of corporate decision making as well as interests of obtaining loans for business development. Research to examine the extent to which actors readiness of SMEs in implementing SAK ETAP with the sample garment SMEs in Pusat Grosir Surabaya was conducted by distributing questionnaires in advance. A total of 140 questionnaires have been distributed and only 97 questionnaires that can be processed into a data. The result showed that 44,33% of perpetrators of garment SMEs in the Pusat Grosir Surabaya was ready to implement SAK ETAP so in this study also provided advice on the draft of financial statements in accordance with SAK ETAP and business characteristics of garment SMEs in Pusat Grosir Surabaya

The Dutch Living Donor Kidney Exchange Program

Kidney transplantation is the optimal option for patients with an end-stage renal disease. The first successful transplantation with a living genetically related donor has been performed since 26 October 1954, when an identical twin transplant was performed in Boston. In the years that followed, efforts to enable non-twin transplants unfortunately failed because effective immunosuppression was not yet available. It took until the early sixties after the discovery of azathiopirine that also deceased donor kidney transplantations became possible. In the eighties of the last century the wait time for a kidney transplant was approximately one year. Since that time the success rate of organ transplantation has significantly improved which attracted large numbers of transplant candidates. As the number of deceased organ donors did not increase, the wait time on the list steadily grew and at the moment patients in most Western countries face wait times up to 5 years before a deceased donor kidney is offered. Unfortunately an increasing proportion of them will never be transplanted because their clinical situation deteriorates to such an extent that they are delisted or die on the wait list. For the Netherlands we estimate that this proportion is approximately 30%. A strategy to expand the kidney donor pool includes the use of non-heart beating (NHB) donors. Educational programs in the Netherlands have resulted in an increase in the number of kidney transplants derived from NHB donors from almost 20% in the year 2000 to 43% in 2004, while in the years that followed the numbers of NHB donors stabilized. So the NHB donors have not led to expansion of the deceased kidney donor pool. Possibly substitution from heart beating to non heart beating donation procedures took place, resulting from pressure on the facilities of intensive care units. In the Netherlands, it has been suggested that the main reason for our failure to increase the number of deceased organ donors is the lack of donor detection. This is certainly not the case; both in 2005 and in 2006 almost all potential donors in the Netherlands (96%) were recognized as such and for the vast majority (86%) our national donor registry was consulted. The problem is not donor detection but the high refusal rate by the next of kin, which is inherent to our legal system. Our organ donation act dictates an opt-in system, and therefore all adult citizens are asked to register their consent for the use of their organ for transplantation purpose after death. In the Netherlands approximately 25% of the adults are now registered as potential donors, 15% have explicitly refused and thus for 60% it remains unknown. Especially in case of potential donors of the latter category high refusal rates up to 70% haven been found. Apparently next of kin argue that while the possibility was given to everybody to register as donor, their relative did not do so, therefore they are unaware of consent and thus reluctant to give permission for donation. We feel that an opt-out organ donation system would be very much helpful to expand the deceased kidney donor pool. However, we are aware that even if all potential deceased donors became actual donors, there still would be a shortage of donor kidneys. Therefore the use of kidneys from living donors is an obvious way to go. These transplants result in a superior unadjusted graft survival compared to deceased donor kidneys. It has been calculated that the difference in 10 years survival between living and deceased donor kidney transplantation is 34 %

Mild Conditions for the Removal of Acid-Labile Protective Groups

Hydrogen peroxide-trichloroacetic acid is an effective reagent combination for the mild cleavage of acid-labile protective groups.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog