Research program on the management of science and technology Annual report, 1964 - 1965

Research program on management of science and technolog

Relations with Bar in Tax Practice: A Letter to the Members from the President of the American Institute of Accountants

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Constitutional Law—Zoning for Single- Family Dwellings Is Not Denial of Equal Protection to Unrelated Persons—Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974)

Six unrelated persons resided in a single dwelling in Belle Terre, New York, in violation of the Village\u27s zoning ordinance. The village is zoned exclusively for one-family dwellings; family is defined by the ordinance as: One or more persons related by blood, adoption or marriage, living and cooking together as a single housekeeping unit [or] a number of persons but not exceeding two (2) living and cooking together as a single housekeeping unit though not related by blood, adoption, or marriage shall be deemed to constitute a family. The lessors of the residence were served with notice that failure of their tenants to disband would subject the lessors to criminal liability. They and the three members of the Boraas household commenced an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in federal district court claiming that the Belle Terre ordinance unconstitutionally infringed their rights of travel, privacy and association. The district court upheld the ordinance on the ground that the preservation of the traditional family character in a community is a proper zoning consideration. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed. On appeal, the United States Supreme Court reversed the circuit court in a 7-2 decision. Held: The Belle Terre ordinance did not abridge any fundamental interest and is within the class of economic and social legislation that is upheld if it is reasonable and bears a rational relationship to a [permissible] state objective. Applying this test, the majority reasoned that the ordinance constituted valid land use legislation reasonably designed to maintain traditional family patterns. Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974)

Financial Reporting in a Changing Society

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Signage System for Abuja Internation Airport, Abuja Republic of Nigeria

The purpose of my thesis is to design a signage system for my country\u27s new capital city international airport now under construction at Abuja. Although this project is not a professional contract, I have chosen this topic because of the almost true-to-life experience it has afforded me in working closely with government agencies. It is hoped that this contact will help government managers and planners understand that large construction projects need well thought-out environmental graphics programs. This signage system is designed specifically to orient passen gers from the point of entry on the airport premises to their leaving through the departure gates. There has also been a conscious effort on my part to uphold the cultural identity of the locality in the designs executed for this system, while fully realizing that airport signage must address itself to an international audience

Design and fabrication of a low-specific-weight parabolic dish solar concentrator

A segmented design and fabrication and assembly techniques were developed for a 1.8 m (6 ft) diameter parabolic concentrator for space application. This design and these techniques were adaptable to a low cost, mass-produced concentrator. Minimal machining was required. Concentrator segments of formed magnesium were used. The concentrator weighed only 1.6 kg sq m (0.32 lbm/sq ft)

The unexplained nature of reading.

The effects of properties of words on their reading aloud response times (RTs) are 1 major source of evidence about the reading process. The precision with which such RTs could potentially be predicted by word properties is critical to evaluate our understanding of reading but is often underestimated due to contamination from individual differences. We estimated this precision without such contamination individually for 4 people who each read 2,820 words 50 times each. These estimates were compared to the precision achieved by a 31-variable regression model that outperforms current cognitive models on variance-explained criteria. Most (around 2/3) of the meaningful (non-first-phoneme, non-noise) word-level variance remained unexplained by this model. Considerable empirical and theoretical-computational effort has been expended on this area of psychology, but the high level of systematic variance remaining unexplained suggests doubts regarding contemporary accounts of the details of the mechanisms of reading at the level of the word. Future assessment of models can take advantage of the availability of our precise participant-level database

Impact of different SARS-CoV-2 assays on laboratory turnaround time.

Introduction. Clinical microbiology laboratories have had to cope with an increase in the volume of tests due to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Short turnaround times (TATs) are important for case tracing and to help clinicians in patient management. In such a context, high-throughput systems are essential to process the bulk of the tests. Rapid tests are also required to ensure shorter TATs for urgent situations. In our laboratory, SARS-CoV-2 assays were initially implemented on our custom platform using a previously published method. The commercial cobas 6800 (Roche diagnostics) assay and the GeneXpert Xpress (Cepheid) SARS-CoV-2 assay were implemented on 24 March and 8 April 2020, respectively, as soon as available.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Despite the abundant literature on SARS-CoV-2 assays, the articles focus mainly on the diagnostic performances. This is to our knowledge the first article that specifically studies the TAT of different assays.Aim. We aimed to describe the impact of various SARS-CoV-2 assays on the TAT at the beginning of the outbreak.Methodology. In this study, we retrospectively analysed the TAT of all SARS-CoV-2 assays performed in our centre between 24 February and 9 June, 2020.Results. We retrieved 33 900 analyses, with a median TAT of 6.25 h. TATs were highest (6.9 h) when only our custom platform was used (24 February to 24 March, 2020). They were reduced to 6.1 h when the cobas system was introduced (24 March to 8 April, 2020). The implementation of the GeneXpert further reduced the median TAT to 4.8 h (8 April to 9 June, 2020). The GeneXpert system had the shortest median TAT (1.9 h), followed by the cobas (5.5 h) and by our custom platform (6.9 h).Conclusion. This work shows that the combination of high-throughput systems and rapid tests allows the efficient processing of a large number of tests with a short TAT. In addition, the use of a custom platform allowed the quick implementation of an in-house test when commercial assays were not yet available

Factors Affecting Laboratory Test Use and Prices

The use of clinical laboratory tests has more than doubled during the past decade. Some observers of the health system feel that this growth is excessive and is a result of current payment systems. This article examines the effects of current reimbursement policies with regard to the use of laboratory tests and prices charged for tests. The results suggest the following: The method of financing medical care, including cost sharing and prepaid group practice arrangements, affects the volume of laboratory testing through the number of patient contacts with the medical care system rather than through the number of tests used per patient contact. Fee ceilings on physician time appear to be partially offset by higher test prices. Cost-based reimbursement for hospital services is associated with higher charges in hospital laboratories