Early-to-mid idiopathic Parkinson’s disease shows a more cytotoxic but declined CD8-regulatory peripheral immune profile

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Brain neuroinflammation plays a role in PD pathogenesis. However, the involvement of the peripheral immune system has not been systematically investigated. Here we analyzed >700 combinatorial immunological features in fresh blood of 28 early-to-mid-stage PD patients and 24 matched controls. We found an enhanced cytotoxic immune profile in idiopathic PD patients (iPD), with a higher frequency of terminally-differentiated effector CD8 T (TEMRA), late-differentiated CD8+ natural killer T cells and neutrophils. This immune profile was intensified by elevated serum granzyme A, reduced percentages of CD8+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and group 2 innate lymphoid cells with immunosuppressive or tolerance-inducing functions. The frequency of CD8 TEMRA was negatively correlated with disease duration, suggesting a contribution to PD pathogenesis. Our work provides a comprehensive map on disturbed peripheral adaptive and innate immune cells in early-to-mid iPD, proposing easily-accessible candidates for early diagnosis and treatments

Geometry accuracy of DSM in water body margin obtained from an RGB camera with NIR band and a multispectral sensor embedded in UAV

The photogrammetry techniques are known to be accessible due to its low cost, while the geometric accuracy is a key point to ensure that models obtained from photogrammetry are a feasible solution. This work evaluated the discrepancies in 3D (DSM) and 2D (orthomosaic) models obtained from photogrammetry using control points (GCPs) near a reflective/refractive area (water body), where the objective was to evaluate these points, analysing the independence, normality and randomness and other basic statistic. The images were obtained with a 16 MP Canon PowerShot ELPH 110S with a modified NiR band and a multispectral sensor Parrot Sequoia, both embedded in a hex-rotor UAV in flight over the Unisinos University’s artificial lake in the city of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Due the distribution of the data found to be not normal, we applied non-parametric tests Chebyshev’s Theorem and the Mann–Whitney’s U test, where it showed that the values obtained from Sequoia DSM presented significant similarities with the values obtained from the GCP’s considering the confidence level of 95%; however, this was not confirmed for the model generated from a Canon camera, showing that we found better results using the multispectral Parrot Sequoia

Semeando saberes

O enfrentamento da crise socioambiental demanda a construção de práticas de Educação Ambiental no contexto escolar. Mediante a construção de uma Horta Escolar no Instituto Federal da Paraíba - Campus Catolé do Rocha, o projeto de extensão Semeando Saberes visou contribuir para criação de um espaço educador sustentável, dotado de princípios ecológicos nos aspectos físicos e atitudinais. O trabalho envolveu a produção de biodigestores domésticos, oficinas de reciclagem, atividades de capacitação, plantio coletivo, e distribuição de manuais, alimentos e mudas com a comunidade externa. Essas atividades foram integradas com as disciplinas de Química e Desenho Básico e Técnico do Curso Técnico Integrado em Edificações, associando teoria e prática, visando a sustentabilidade socioambiental

A dynamic continental moisture gradient drove Amazonian bird diversification

The Amazon is the primary source of Neotropical diversity and a nexus for discussions on processes that drive biotic diversification. Biogeographers have focused on the roles of rivers and Pleistocene climate change in explaining high rates of speciation. We combine phylogeographic and niche-based paleodistributional projections for 23 upland terra firme forest bird lineages from across the Amazon to derive a new model of regional biological diversification. We found that climate-driven refugial dynamics interact with dynamic riverine barriers to produce a dominant pattern: Older lineages in the wetter western and northern parts of the Amazon gave rise to lineages in the drier southern and eastern parts. This climate/drainage basin evolution interaction links landscape dynamics with biotic diversification and explains the east-west diversity gradients across the Amazon.Peer reviewe

Impact of Pectoralis Nerve Block (PECS) on postoperative pain in patients submitted to mastectomy with lymphadenectomy

ABSTRACT Objective: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. Surgery has been traditional treatment and, generally, it´s mastectomy with lymphadenectomy, that can causes postoperative pain. Therefore, we seek to study regional anesthesic techniques that can minimize this effect, such as the interpectoral block (PECS). Methods: randomized controlled study with 82 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy with lymphadenectomy from January 2020 to October 2021 in oncology hospital. Interventions: two randomized groups (control - exclusive general anesthesia and PECS group - received PECS block with levobupivacaine/ropivacaine and general anesthesia). We applied a questionnaire with Numeric Rating Scale for pain 24h after surgery. We used Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests, and analyzed the data in R version 4.0.0 (ReBEC). Results: in the PECS group, 50% were pain-free 24h after surgery and in the control group it was 42.86%. The majority who presented pain classified it as mild pain (VAS from 1 to 3) - (42.50%) PECS group and (40.48%) control group (p=0.28). Only 17.50% consumed opioids in the PECS group, similar to the control group with 21.43%. (p=0.65). There was a low rate of complications such as PONV in both groups. In the subgroup analysis, there was no statistical difference between the groups that used levobupivacaine or ropivacaine regarding postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Discussion: the studied group had a low rate of pain in the postoperative period and it influenced the statistical analysis. There wasn´t difference in postoperative pain in groups. Conclusion: was not possible to demonstrate better results with the association of the PECS block with total intravenous analgesia. Need further studies to assess the efficacy of the nerve block