Antimicrobial Activity of a Crude Extract and Fractions from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze Leaves

SUMMARY. Aqueous EtOH (70%) crude extract of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves and dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of the crude extract were tested against a panel of microrganisms by the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results demonstrate that the crude extract and some fractions showed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Prototheca zopffi. All samples did not present activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The strongest effect occurred with dichloromethane fraction against the algae P. zopfii, (MIC= 312.5 μg.mL -1 ). These results demonstrate that A. brasiliana have a weak antimicrobial activity that not support the ethno-pharmacological indication of the plant for the treatment of infection diseases nor it's popular names such as "penicillin" and "terramycin" in Brazil . RESUMEN. "Actividad Antimicrobiana del Extracto Bruto y Fracciones de las Hojas de Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze". El extracto etanólico crudo (70%) y las fracciones diclorometánica, de acetato de etilo y butanólica de las hojas de A. brasiliana fueron analizados en relación a su actividad antimicrobiana. Las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (MIC) fueron determinadas usando el método de microdilución en caldo. Los experimentos demostraron que el extracto y algunas fracciones exhibieron moderada acción antimicrobiana, particularmente contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae y Prototheca zopffi. El efecto más fuerte ocurrió con la fracción diclorometánica frente a P. zopfii (MIC 312,5 μg.mL -1 ). La bacteria Escherichia coli y las leveduras Candida albicans y C. glabrata no fueron inhibidas por ninguno de los extractos probados. La baja actividad antimicrobiana de la planta no respalda las indicaciones planteadas por la comunidad para su uso en el tratamiento de procesos infecciosos, ni tampoco sus nombres populares en Brasil, tales como "penicilina" y "terramicina"

Centesimal composition and physical-chemistry analysis of the edible mushroom Lentinus strigosus occurring in the Brazilian Amazon

The centesimal composition and the physical and chemical analyses of Lentinus strigosus, an edible mushroom occurring in the Brazilian Amazon and produced in alternative substrates based on wood and agroindustrial residues, were evaluated. For this purpose, the C, N, pH, soluble solids, water activity, protein, lipids, total fiber, ash, carbohydrate, and energy levels were determined. The substrates were formulated from Simarouba amara Aubl. marupá"), Ochroma piramidale Cav. Ex. Lam. pau-de-balsa") and Anacardium giganteum cajuí") sawdust and Bactris gasipaes Kunth pupunheira") stipe and Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane bagasse). The results indicated that the nutritional composition of L. strigosus varied with the substrate of cultivation; the protein levels found in mushrooms grown in the different substrates (18 –21.5%) varied with the substrate and was considered high; the soluble solids present in the mushrooms could have a relation with complex B hydrosoluble vitamins. L. strigosus could be considered as important food owing to its nutritional characteristics such as high protein content, metabolizable carbohydrates and fibers, and low lipids and calories content.Avaliou-se a composição centesimal e análise físico-química do Lentinus strigosus, um cogumelo comestível de ocorrência na Amazônia brasileira, produzidos em substratos alternativos à base de resíduos madeireiros e agroindustriais. Com este objetivo, determinou-se C, N, pH, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água, proteína, lipídios, fibra total, cinzas, carboidratos e energia. Os substratos foram formulados a partir de serragem de Simarouba amara Aubl. (marupá), Ochroma piramidale Cav. ex. Lam. (pau-de-balsa) e Anacardium giganteum (cajuí); e do estipe de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (pupunheira) e de Saccharum officinarum (cana-de-açúcar). Os resultados demonstraram que: a composição nutricional do L. strigosus variou com o substrato de cultivo; os valores de proteína encontrados nos cogumelos cultivados nos diferentes substratos (18 - 21,5%) variaram de acordo com o substrato, sendo considerados elevados; os sólidos solúveis presentes nos cogumelos podem ter relação com vitaminas hidrossolúveis do complexo B; o L. strigosus pode ser considerado um importante alimento devido suas características nutricionais: alto teor de proteína, carboidratos metabolizáveis e fibras; baixos teores de lipídios e de calorias

Antimicrobial activity of a crude extract and fractions from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze leaves

El extracto etanólico crudo (70%) y las fracciones diclorometánica, de acetato de etilo y butanólica de las hojas de A. brasiliana fueron analizados en relación a su actividad antimicrobiana. Las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (MIC) fueron determinadas usando el método de microdilución en caldo. Los experimentos demostraron que el extracto y algunas fracciones exhibieron moderada acción antimicrobiana, particularmente contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae y Prototheca zopffi. El efecto más fuerte ocurrió con la fracción diclorometánica frente a P. zopfii (MIC 312,5 µg.mL ). La bacteria Escherichia coli y las leveduras Candida albicans y C. glabrata no fueron inhibidas por ninguno de los extractos probados. La baja actividad antimicrobiana de la planta no respalda las indicaciones planteadas por la comunidad para su uso en el tratamiento de procesos infecciosos, ni tampoco sus nombres populares en Brasil, tales como "penicilina" y "terramicina".Aqueous EtOH (70%) crude extract of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves and dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of the crude extract were tested against a panel of microrganisms by the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results demonstrate that the crude extract and some fractions showed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Prototheca zopffi. All samples did not present activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The strongest effect occurred with dichloromethane fraction against the algae P. zopfii, (MIC= 312.5 µg.mL ). These results demonstrate that A. brasiliana have a weak antimicrobial activity that not support the ethno-pharmacological indication of the plant for the treatment of infection diseases nor it's popular names such as "penicillin" and "terramycin" in Brazil.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Antimicrobial activity of a crude extract and fractions from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) O. Kuntze leaves

El extracto etanólico crudo (70%) y las fracciones diclorometánica, de acetato de etilo y butanólica de las hojas de A. brasiliana fueron analizados en relación a su actividad antimicrobiana. Las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (MIC) fueron determinadas usando el método de microdilución en caldo. Los experimentos demostraron que el extracto y algunas fracciones exhibieron moderada acción antimicrobiana, particularmente contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae y Prototheca zopffi. El efecto más fuerte ocurrió con la fracción diclorometánica frente a P. zopfii (MIC 312,5 µg.mL ). La bacteria Escherichia coli y las leveduras Candida albicans y C. glabrata no fueron inhibidas por ninguno de los extractos probados. La baja actividad antimicrobiana de la planta no respalda las indicaciones planteadas por la comunidad para su uso en el tratamiento de procesos infecciosos, ni tampoco sus nombres populares en Brasil, tales como "penicilina" y "terramicina".Aqueous EtOH (70%) crude extract of Alternanthera brasiliana leaves and dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of the crude extract were tested against a panel of microrganisms by the broth microdilution method to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results demonstrate that the crude extract and some fractions showed moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Prototheca zopffi. All samples did not present activity against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The strongest effect occurred with dichloromethane fraction against the algae P. zopfii, (MIC= 312.5 µg.mL ). These results demonstrate that A. brasiliana have a weak antimicrobial activity that not support the ethno-pharmacological indication of the plant for the treatment of infection diseases nor it's popular names such as "penicillin" and "terramycin" in Brazil.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

In vitro antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects of phenolic extract of Senecio biafrae (Oliv and Hiern) against key enzymes linked with type II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease

The phenolic extract of Senecio biafrae leaves was investigated to determine the in vitro antioxidant, phenolic profiles, and inhibition of key enzymes relevant to type II diabetes mellitus (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase) and Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase and butrylcholinesterase). The phenolic extract demonstrated significant scavenging abilities against all in vitro antioxidant parameters assessed. Reversed‐phase HPLC of the extract revealed the presence of gallic acid, chlorogenic, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. The extract also inhibited activities of α‐amylase (IC 50 = 126.90 μg/ml), α‐glucosidase (IC 50 = 139.66 μg/ml), acetylcholinesterase (IC 50 = 347.22 μg/ml), and butrylcholinesterase (IC 50 = 378.79 μg/ml), which may be attributed to the antioxidant potential of the extract and its phenolic composition. Therefore, this study suggests that the leaves of S. biafrae may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease