Infecção experimental de Lymnaea columella por Fasciola hepatica

F. hepatica eggs from infected cattle and rabbits were incubated at room temperature, hatching miracidia within 9 to 13 days. Newly hatched miracidia were used to infect 233 L. columella 5 to 11 mm long. Only 3% of the infected snails survived until the cercariae fully developed. From 190 to 1150 metacercariae developed within 46 to 54 days. Laboratory-bred mice, rats, Guinea pigs, and rabbits were fed metacercariae of different ages, but only the rabbits eliminated eggs in their feces, and this 78 days after infection, Adult worms were recovered after death of the rabbits.Os ovos de F. hepatica recolhidos em bilis de boi, fezes e em bilis de coelhos foram incubados a temperatura ambiente, dando origem a miracídios após 9 a 13 dias. Com estes miracídios recém-eclodidos foram infectados experimentalmente 233 exemplares de L. columella medindo 5,0 a 11,0 mm de comprimento. Das limneas infectadas apenas 3% sobreviveram até o desenvolvimento completo das cercarías. Houve formação de 190 a 1150 metacercárias entre o 46° ao 54° dia de infecção. Vários camundongos, ratos, cobaias e coelhos foram infectados com metacercárias de diferentes idades, mas somente os coelhos eliminaram ovos nas fezes 78 dias depois. Com a morte dos coelhos foram recuperados vermes adultos

Ocorrência de infecção natural de Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 em Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 no Vale do Paraíba, SP, Brasil

Infection rates of 1.22% and 0.14% were obtained in Lymnaea columella snails naturally infected by Fasciola hepatica. Samples of the snails were collected in Piquete, a municipality of Paraíba do Sul, a river valley area in the State of S. Paulo. Also observed was one of the 1052 specimen of the Lymnaea columella rediae which had xiphidiocercariae and rediae with Fasciola hepatica cercariae and metacercariae of Echinostomatidae.Foram registradas em Piquete, no vale do rio Paraíba do Sul (SP), Brasil, taxas de 1,22% e 0,14% de infecção natural em Lymnaea columella, por Fasciola hepatica. Em um único exemplar de Lymnaea columella dentre os 1.052 examinados, foram observadas rédias com xifidiocercárias, rédias com cercárias de Fasciola hepatica e metacercárias de Echinostomatidae

Some observations on the life-history of Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)

Some aspects on the life history of Lymnaea columella Say, 1817 were studied under laboratory conditions. The relationship between incubation period of the eggs and water temperature was established.Foram estudados aspectos da biologia da Lymnaea columella Say, 1817, em condições de laboratório e determinadas as variações da duração do período embrionário em relação à temperatura da água

Experimental Infection of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Larvae with the Xiphidiocercariae of a Hematolechid

Aedes albopictus larvae were exposed, either individually or in groups, to different concentrations of xiphidiocercariae of Haematoloechus sp. for parasitological studies. It was observed the acute lethal effect and some aspects of the host-parasite relationship, such as delay or progress in the host life cycle, the number and location of the metacercariae in the host, adult host malformations and the amount of metacercariae required to cause death. A delay in the cycle and a high mortality rate was in general observed. Inside the larvae, the metacercariae were found predominantly in the thorax, abdominal segments and in the head, along with a reduced number in the anal lobe and cervix. It was shown that in addition to the quantity of metacercariae present, their location in the larvae was also relevant in the determination of mortality and anomalies. Malformed adults developed from larvae containing from one to three metacercariae.57357

METACERCARIA DE ASCOCOTYLE SP. (DIGENEA: HETEROPHYIDAE) EN TEJIDOS DE LISAS MUGIL LIZA Y MUGIL CUREMA (OSTEICHTHYES: MUGILIDAE) COLECTADAS EN PECES COMERCIALES DE LA CIUDAD DE IGUAPE, SAO PAULO, BRASIL

The world distribution of oriental culture and the common use of fish which is not cooked manifested problems related to parasites. There is a great incidence of Ascocotyle sp. parasites in mullet fishes, which are part of human culinary spread all over world. The aim of the present study is to estimate the presence of trematode Heterophyidae metacercariae among mullet fishes commercialized at Iguape city Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ascocotyle sp. metacercarie (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were observed and analyzed in viscera and muscles of 60 mullets Mugil liza and 60 mullets Mugil curema (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) purchased in the fish market of the Iguape city. The extraction of metacercariae of Ascocotyle sp. from viscera and muscles was performed by homogenization in homemade processor. All mullets samples were infected. M. liza and M. curema marketed in city constitute in a potential risk to the population, because of high prevalence of infection (100%) and large numbers of metacercarie in their tissues (up to 939 to M. liza and 92 to M. curema).La expansión de la cultura oriental y el aumento del consumo de pescados crudos presenta algunos problemas, tales como enfermedades causadas por parásitos. Hay una gran incidencia de Ascocotyle sp. en peces lisas, muy consumidos en diversas partes del mundo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar la presencia de metacercarias de trematodos Heterophyidae en peces lisas comercializados en el municipio de Iguape, Sao Paulo, Brasil. Se observaron y analizaron metacercarias de Ascocotyle sp. (Digenea: Heterophyidae) en vísceras y musculatura de 60 Mugil liza y 60 Mugil curema (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) adquiridas en el comercio de pescados del municipio de Iguape. La extracción de metacercarias de los tejidos de los peces se realizó por homogeneización un procesador casero. Todas las muestras de peces estuvieron infectadas. M. liza y M. curema comercializados en la ciudad son un riesgo potencial para la población ante la alta prevalencia de infección en los peces (100%) y el gran número de metacercarias en sus tejidos (hasta 939 en M. lizay 92 en M. curema)

[the Role Of Insects (blattodea, Diptera, And Hymenoptera) As Possible Mechanical Vectors Of Helminths In The Domiciliary And Peridomiciliary Environment].

Helminths can be transmitted to human beings in several ways, but little attention has been given to vector or mechanical transmission of infective forms by insects. The present study surveys the helminth species present in three orders of insects that coexist in proximity with the human environment. A total of 700 insects (54 Blattodea, 275 Diptera, and 371 Hymenoptera) were collected and examined externally and individually. In the Blattodea order, only specimens of Periplaneta americana were collected, and 58.3% were carrying the following helminth forms: Oxyuridae eggs (36.4%), Ascaridae eggs (28.04%), Nematoda larvae (4.8%), Cestoda eggs (3.5%), other Nematoda (0.08%), and Toxocaridae eggs (0.08%). No Diptera and Hymenoptera were found to contain parasitic forms. This study evaluates the importance and role of insects as mechanical vectors of helminth parasites, correlated with social and environmental conditions, and suggests the use of these data for preventive purposes.201096-10

Copepods Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer (Crustacea, Calanoida) naturally infected by metacestodes in the Juqueri reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil

The aim of this work was to identify the components of zooplankton that act as intermediate hosts of cestodes. One hundred and ninety four copepods of the suborder Calanoida, 317 copepods of the suborder Cyclopoida and 4240 cladocerans were collected in the Juqueri reservoir, in the state of São Paulo, from January to August, 2003. Only Copepods Calanoida of the genus Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer were found to be infected and contained two distinct forms of metacestodes. The metacestodes, denominated Met 1 (order Proteocephalidea) and Met 2 (order Cyclophyllidea), had the following rates of prevalence and mean intensities of infection: Met 1 - 2.06% and 64 larvae/copepod and Met 2 - 0.52% and one larvae/copepod. The positive copepods were collected at the margins of the reservoir during the day. This finding suggest that parasitism may lead to a change in the behavior of the copepods and make them more susceptible to predation in shallow water.Este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar os componentes do zooplâncton que atuam como hospedeiros intermediários de cestódeos. Foram examinados 194 copépodos da subordem Calanoida, 317 copépodos da subordem Cyclopoida e 4240 cladóceros coletados no reservatório do Juqueri, Estado de São Paulo, entre janeiro e agosto de 2003. Apenas copépodos Calanoida do gênero Notodiaptomus sp. Kiefer encontravam-se positivos, sendo relatada duas formas morfológicas distintas de metacestódeos. Os metacestódeos, denominados Met 1 (Proteocephalidea) e Met 2 (Cyclophyllidea) apresentaram as seguintes prevalências e intensidades médias de infecção: Met 1 - 2,06% e 64 larvas/copépodo e Met 2 - 0,52% e uma larva/copépodo. Os copépodos positivos foram coletados na região litorânea do reservatório durante o dia, o que leva a crer que o parasitismo pode modificar o comportamento dos copépodos tornando-os mais acessíveis à predação.17918

TRANSMISIÓN TRANSMAMARIA DE ESTRONGILOIDIASIS EN RATAS INMUNOSUPRIMIDAS

In order to investigate the levels of antibodies and antigen in sera and in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, female rats immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed female rats and rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis and their young offspring were used. For this, enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted using alkaline parasite extracts and anti-L3 polyclonal antibody produced in rabbits. Findings revealed that young offspring from immunosuppressed females presented significantly higher positivity for IgG detection in serum samples and in BALF. In addition, antigen detection in serum samples was also more evident in offspring from immunosuppressed rats. Thus, we reinforce the transmammalianroute of Strongyloides infection in experimental model infection.Con el fin de investigar los niveles de anticuerpos y antígenos en muestras de lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) y suero, ratas hembras inmunosuprimidas o no inmunosuprimidas e infectadas experimentalmente con Strongyloides venezuelensisy sus crías fueron utilizadas. Para ello, el ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA) se realizó usando extractos alcalinos de larvas y anti-L3 anticuerpo policlonal producido en conejos. Los resultados mostraron que las crías de las hembras inmunosuprimidas fueron significativamente mayores para la detección de IgG en el suero y LBA. Por otra parte, la detección de antígeno en muestras de suero también fue más evidente en las crias de ratas inmunosuprimidas. Así pues, aquí reforzamos la ruta transmamaria de la infección por Strongyloides en el modelo experimental de infección

Strongyloides venezuelensis alkaline extract for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The present study was conducted to detected IgG antibodies using Strongyloides venezuelensis alkaline extract for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from 90 subjects were analyzed (30 with strongyloidiasis, 30 with other parasites and 30 healthy individuals). Results were expressed in antibody titers, which were considered as positive when titer was > 80. Sensibility and specificity of the assay were 100% and 96.7%, respectively. It can be concluded that the heterologous alkaline extract could be employed in ELISA as a diagnostic aid in human strongyloidiasis, due to its advantages as easiness of obtaining, practicability in preparing, and high indexes of sensitivity and specificity.84985