471 research outputs found
Strong-field above-threshold photoemission from sharp metal tips
We present energy-resolved measurements of electron emission from sharp metal
tips driven with low energy pulses from a few-cycle laser oscillator. We
observe above-threshold photoemission with a photon order of up to 9. At a
laser intensity of 2*10^11 W/cm^2 suppression of the lowest order peak occurs,
indicating the onset of strong-field effects. We also observe peak shifting
linearly with intensity with a slope of around -1.8eV / (10^12 W/cm^2). We
attribute the magnitude of the laser field effects to field enhancement taking
place at the tip's surface.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Ultracold Bose gases in time-dependent 1D superlattices: response and quasimomentum structure
The response of ultracold atomic Bose gases in time-dependent optical
lattices is discussed based on direct simulations of the time-evolution of the
many-body state in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. We focus on
small-amplitude modulations of the lattice potential as implemented in several
recent experiment and study different observables in the region of the first
resonance in the Mott-insulator phase. In addition to the energy transfer we
investigate the quasimomentum structure of the system which is accessible via
the matter-wave interference pattern after a prompt release. We identify
characteristic correlations between the excitation frequency and the
quasimomentum distribution and study their structure in the presence of a
superlattice potential.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Selective late steroid withdrawal after renal transplantation
Steroid withdrawal (SW) after paediatric renal transplantation (RTPL) is controversial. Selective late SW has been performed in our unit since 1995. The safety and effects of SW were analysed retrospectively in 47 patients undergoing RTPL between 1995 and 2004. Initial immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine A, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil and steroids. Criteria for SW were: (1) stable renal function, (2) time interval after RTPL â„ 1year, (3) no rejection or time interval after last rejection â„ 1year and (4) good compliance. SW was performed in 30 patients at an age of 13.5years (range 4.5-18.5) and 2.2years (range 1-6.6) after RTPL. After SW, one patient experienced a steroid-sensitive rejection. Follow-up after SW (1.3year; range 0.25-7.5) showed maintained renal function: glomerular filtration rate at SW and currently was 82 (65-128) and 82 (42-115) ml/min per 1.73m2, respectively. The number of patients on antihypertensive treatment did not significantly change (at SW: nâ=â15; currently: nâ=â11). Height and body mass index (BMI) remained stable: Median standard deviation score (SDS) for height/BMI at SW and currently was â1.1/0.2 and â0.8/0.1, respectively. Selective late SW was safe regarding renal function and had no significant effect on blood pressure and growt
Electron rescattering at metal nanotips induced by ultrashort laser pulses
We report on the first investigation of plateau and cut-off structures in
photoelectron spectra from nano-scale metal tips interacting with few-cycle
near-infrared laser pulses. These hallmarks of electron rescattering,
well-known from atom-laser interaction in the strong-field regime, appear at
remarkably low laser intensities with nominal Keldysh parameters of the order
of . Quantum and quasi-classical simulations reveal that a large
field enhancement near the tip and the increased backscattering probability at
a solid-state target play a key role. Plateau electrons are by an order of
magnitude more abundant than in comparable atomic spectra, reflecting the high
density of target atoms at the surface. The position of the cut-off serves as
an in-situ probe for the locally enhanced electric field at the tip apex
Application of Statistical Shape Analysis to the Classification of Renal Tumours Appearing in Childhood
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