Fauna trematoda kod nekih vrsta riba u reci Spreči

U radu su prikazane trematode koje su nađene kod riba u reci Streči tokom ihtioparazitoloških ispitivanja. Parazitološka ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2010. godine i pokazala su prisustvo parazita kod 7 vrsta riba od 11 pregledanih u reci Streči tj. 144 primerka je bilo zaraženo trematodama od ukupnog broja (365) ispitanih riba. Kod pet vrsta riba nađene su dve vrste monogenih trematoda (Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp.) odnosno u crvenperki, deveriki, šaranu, ukliji i klenu. Digene trematode (Diplostomum spathaceum, Posthodiplostomum cuticola) zarazile su 6 vrsta riba u reci Spreči, odnosno crvenperku, deveriku, podusta, babušku, ukliju i klena. Najjača zaraza je nađena kod Leuciscus cephalus (63,63 %) i Chondrostoma nasus (54,54 %) Nešto slabiji stepen infekcije kod Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Abramis brama i Alburnus alburnus. Najmanja zaraženost je bila kod Cyprinus carpio i Carassius gibelio. Kod drugih vrsta riba nisu nađeni paraziti tokom perioda ispitivanja. Od pojedinačnih tipova trematoda najveći obim infekcije je bio sa Diplostomum spathaceum (14,79 %) i Dactylogrus sp. (12,86 %) a najmanji sa Gyrodactylus salaris, samo 1,91 %. Intenzitet zaraze kod ispitivanih riba varirao je od slabog pa sve do visokog stepena infestacije. Obim infestacije je zavisio od sezone ispitivanja

Gravitational Collapse with a Cosmological Constant

We consider the effect of a positive cosmological constant on spherical gravitational collapse to a black hole for a few simple, analytic cases. We construct the complete Oppenheimer-Snyder-deSitter (OSdS) spacetime, the generalization of the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution for collapse from rest of a homogeneous dust ball in an exterior vacuum. In OSdS collapse, the cosmological constant may affect the onset of collapse and decelerate the implosion initially, but it plays a diminishing role as the collapse proceeds. We also construct spacetimes in which a collapsing dust ball can bounce, or hover in unstable equilibrium, due to the repulsive force of the cosmological constant. We explore the causal structure of the different spacetimes and identify any cosmological and black hole event horizons which may be present.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures; To appear in Phys. Rev.

Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in Serbia

© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of occupational accidents and self-reported attitude of health-care workers (HCWs) in Serbia. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in selected departments of five tertiary care hospitals and in one secondary care hospital in February 2012. A previously developed self-administered questionnaire was provided to HCWs who had direct daily contact with patients. χ2 test and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: Of the 1,441 potential participants, 983 (68.2%) completed the questionnaire: 655 (66.7%) were nurses/medical technicians, 243 (24.7%) were physicians and 85 (8.6%) were other personnel. Of the 983 participants, 291 (29.6%) HCWs had had at least one accident during the previous year and 106 (40.2%) of them reported it to the responsible person. The highest prevalence (68.6%) of accidents was among nurses/technicians (p = 0.001). Accidents occurred more often in large clinical centers (81.1%; p < 0.001) and in the clinical ward, intensive care unit and operating theater (p = 0.003) than in other departments. Seventy-six (13.1%) nurses/medical technicians had an accident during needle recapping (p < 0.001). Of all the HCWs, 550 (55.9%) were fully vaccinated, including significantly more doctors (154, 63.4%) than participants from other job categories (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a relatively high rate of accidents among HCWs in our hospitals, most commonly amongst nurses and staff working in clinical wards, intensive care units and operating theaters. The most common types of accidents were needlestick injuries and accidents due to improper handling of contaminated sharp devices or occuring while cleaning instruments or by coming into contact with blood through damaged skin or through the conjunctiva/mucous membranes

Differences in chemical composition of 'Plavac mali' grape berries

Evaluation of differences in yield and quality of grapevine is often based on the random samples of berries harvested on the same date. Due to differences in ripeness of berries from the same cluster, and among berries from different clusters of the same vine, the determined differences among examined treatments (clones, agricultural practices etc.) based on random berry samples may be over- or underestimated. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) differences among three 'Plavac mali' clones in the proportion of berries of different density classes (sugar concentration level) using the flotation method; (2) differences in berry weight and chemical composition among density classes of the same clone, and (3) differences between clones of the same density class. Significant differences were determined for all observed characteristics, among different berries density classes and clones. The results obtained indicate that berry samples used to compare different clones should be, to the greatest possible extent, at the same level of ripeness, as this significantly effects chemical composition. This can be achieved using the density separation of berries with the simple flotation method presented in this study. The presented results could be useful in the future improvement of clonal selection methodology as well as in improvement of sampling strategy for other types of researches

The efficacy of bariatric surgery performed in the public sector for obese patients with comorbid conditions

Objective: To determine the effi cacy of bariatric surgery in the public sector for the treatment of complicated obesity. Design, setting and participants: A longitudinal observational study of obese participants with comorbid conditions, aged 21-73 years, who underwent publicly funded bariatric surgery. Data were extracted from clinical databases (1 October 2009 to 1 September 2013) and recorded at seven time points. Participants are from an ongoing public obesity program. Main outcome measures: Postoperative weight loss and partial or full resolution of: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Results: The 65 participants in the cohort lost a mean weight of 22.6 kg (SD, 9.5 kg) by 3 months, 34.2.kg (SD, 20.1 kg) by 12 months and 39.9 kg (SD, 31.4 kg) by 24 months (P &lt; 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) decreased from a preoperative mean of 48.2 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (SD, 9.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) to 35.7 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (SD, 7.7 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) by 24 months (P &lt; 0.001). Full resolution of comorbid conditions by 18 months (P &lt; 0.001) was achieved by almost half of those with baseline T2DM, nearly two-thirds with HTN and three-quarters of those with OSA, with continued improvements beyond 24 months. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery performed in the public sector is efficacious in the treatment of obese patients with comorbid conditions. Our findings parallel similar studies suggesting that there is equal benefit in publicly funded and privately performed procedures. This study highlights that obese patients reliant on public health care maintain sufficient intrinsic motivation in the absence of payment and supposed value-driven incentive. Improved access to bariatric surgery in the public sector can justifiably reduce the health inequities for those most in need

Gravitational Collapse of Dust with a Cosmological Constant

The recent analysis of Markovic and Shapiro on the effect of a cosmological constant on the evolution of a spherically symmetric homogeneous dust ball is extended to include the inhomogeneous and degenerate cases. The histories are shown by way of effective potential and Penrose-Carter diagrams.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures (png), revtex. To appear in Phys. Rev.