Features of cholinergic cardia regulation under conditions of hypokinesia

The features of cholinergic processes in the heart on the 4th, 8th, 16th and 30th days of hypokinesia were studied in experiments on 382 albino rats. It was shown that hypokinesia is attended by increased acetylcholine content in the atria, reduced choline acetyltransferase activity in the atria and ventricles and by increased activity of acetylcholinesterase in the ventricles and of pseudocholinesterase in both parts of the heart. The sensitivity of the heart to exogenic acetylcholine and to stimulation of the vagus nerve increases

Correlation of Early Outcomes and Intradiscal Interleukin-6 Expression in Lumbar Fusion Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is correlation between intradiscal levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and early outcome measures in patients undergoing lumbar fusion for painful disc degeneration. METHODS: Intervertebral disc tissue was separated into annulus fibrosus/nucleus pulposus and cultured separately in vitro in serum-free medium (Opti-MEM). Conditioned media was collected after 48 hours. The concentration of IL-6 was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson correlation coefficients quantified relationships between IL-6 levels and pre- and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) back pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), as well as change in VAS/ODI. RESULTS: Sixteen discs were harvested from 9 patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusion (mean age, 47.4 years; range, 21-70 years). Mean preoperative and 6-month postoperative VAS were 8.1 and 3.7, respectively. Mean preoperative and postoperative ODI were 56.2 and 25.6, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between IL-6 expression and postoperative VAS (ρ = 0.38, p = 0.048) and ODI (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.02). No significant correlations were found between intradiscal IL-6 expression and preoperative VAS (ρ = -0.12, p = 0.54). Trends were seen associating IL-6 expression and change in VAS/ODI (ρ = -0.35 p = 0.067; ρ = -0.34, p = 0.08, respectively). A trend associated IL-6 and preoperative ODI (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.063). CONCLUSION: The direct association between IL-6 expression and VAS/ODI suggests patients with elevated intradiscal cytokine expression may have worse early outcomes than those with lower expression of IL-6 after surgery for symptomatic disc degeneration

Innovative regional system of professional education as a factor of human capital development in the region

© 2016, National Academy of Management. All rights reserved.The article analyzes the topical problem of professional competencies formation in the framework of innovative educational system of vocational training under uncertainty of demand in specialists in the field of high technologies in the medium and long time horizons. The solution to a “blurred” trend of demand in specialists of different spheres of innovative economy could be realized through forecasting the demand for highly qualified personnel, based on the analysis of innovative development strategy for regional economy. The authors prove that differences in the content of professional competencies of future professionals will depend not only on the areas of their application, but also on the objectively existing uncertainty of correlations between components of educational programs, forming both specific and “soft” professional skills, which will contribute to the formation of human capital

Business Education, Institute of Business, and Entrepreneurship in Modern Russia

The authors have revealed the interrelation of business education, institute of business, and entrepreneurship in modern Russia. The authors’ analysis of motivation for business schools’ prospective students has allowed reveal this motivation’s components, factors, stipulating the motivation, and the desire of business schools’ students to start the entrepreneurship. On the basis of theoretical and practical study the authors have justified practical recommendations aimed at enhancing of the business schools’ attractiveness for potential consumers

The problem of stigmatization of HIV-infected patients by the medical workers: literature review

The presented article reveals the acute problem of the presence of stigmatization of HIV-infected patients by medical workers. HIV is a socially significant infection and it adversely affects all areas of an infected person's life. Therefore, combating its spread requires an interdisciplinary approach. At this stage in the history of the disease in question, the level of development of medicine allows HIV-positive people to live without the effect of an ailment on their physical health. The main difficulty now is the prevalence of prejudices about people living with HIV. These errors lead to the development of fear, avoidance and isolation of such people. As a result, HIV-positive people often encounter discrimination, which leads to the development of a sense of shame, self-infliction and a general depressive mood. Thus, the foregoing can lead to the development of indifference, both to oneself and to the possibility of infecting other people, which impedes the prevention of the spread of HIV/AlDS. By 2017, the basic prerequisites for the disappearance of stigma in the form of new bills, government decrees, the work of AIDS centers were created. In our opinion, the most noticeable changes should appear in the environment of medical workers who simply need to own such information. Having studied this problem, it will be possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the work done and outline further ways to combat the stigmatization of people living with HlV, not only in the professional environment of medical workers, but also among the general population

Future outlook of people living alone with early-stage dementia and their non-resident relatives and friends who support them

Little is known about the experiences of people living alone with dementia in the community and their non-resident relatives and friends who support them. In this paper, we explore their respective attitudes and approaches to the future, particularly regarding the future care and living arrangements of those living with dementia. The study is based on a qualitative secondary analysis of interviews with 24 people living alone with early-stage dementia in North Wales, United Kingdom, and one of their relatives or friends who supported them. All but four of the dyads were interviewed twice over 12 months (a total of 88 interviews). In the analysis, it was observed that several people with dementia expressed the desire to continue living at home for ‘as long as possible’. A framework approach was used to investigate this theme in more depth, drawing on concepts from the existing studies of people living with dementia and across disciplines. Similarities and differences in the future outlook and temporal orientation of the participants were identified. The results support previousresearchsuggestingthat the future outlookofpeoplelivingwithearly-stagedementia can be interpreted in part as a response to their situation and a way of coping with the threats that it is perceived to present, and not just an impaired view of time. Priorities for future research are highlighted in the discussion

The Experience of Discrimination and Black-White Health Disparities in Medical Care

The current study of Black patients focuses on how discrimination contributes to racial disparities in health. The authors used a longitudinal methodology to study how perceived past discrimination affects reactions to medical interactions and adherence to physician recommendations. In addition, they explored whether these reactions and/or adherence mediate the relationship between discrimination and patients' health. The participants in this study were 156 Black patients of low socioeconomic status at a primary care clinic. Patients completed questionnaires on their current health, past adherence, and perceived past discrimination. Then, they saw a physician and rated their reactions to the visit. Four and 16 weeks later they reported on their adherence to physician recommendations and overall health. Perceived discrimination was significantly and negatively associated with patient health, reactions to the physician, and adherence. Path analyses indicated that adherence mediated the relationship between discrimination and patient health, but patient reactions to the interaction did not