Formal Definition of Traceability Graph

Data-centric workflows focus on how the data is transferred between processes and how it is logically stored. In addition to traditional workflow analysis, these can be applied to monitoring, tracing, and analyzing data in processes and their mutual relationships. In many applications, e.g. manufacturing, the tracing of products thorough entire lifecycle is becoming more and more important. In the present paper we define the traceability graph that involves a framework for data that adapts to different levels of precision of tracing. Advanced analyzing requires modeling of data in processes and methods for accumulating resources and emissions thorough the lifecycle of products. The traceability graph enables tracing and accumulation of resources, emissions and other information associated with products. The traceability graph is formally defined by set theory that is an established and exact specification method

Effectiveness of NoSQL and NewSQL Databases in Mo bile Network Event Data : Cassandra and ParStream /Kinetic

Continuously growing amount of data has inspired seeking more and more efficient database solutions for storing and manipulating data. In big data sets, NoSQL databases have been established as alternatives for traditional SQL databases. The effectiveness of these databases has been widely tested, but the tests focused only on key-value data that is structurally very simple. Many application domains, such as telecommunication, involve more complex data structures. Huge amount of Mobile Network Event (MNE) data is produced by an increasing number of mobile and ubiquitous applications. MNE data is structurally predetermined and typically contains a large number of columns. Applications that handle MNE data are usually insert intensive, as a huge amount of data are generated during rush hours. NoSQL provides high scalability and its column family stores suits MNE data well, but NoSQL does not support ACID features of the traditional relational databases. NewSQL is a new kind of databases, which provide the high scalability of NoSQL while still maintaining ACID guarantees of the traditional DBMS. In the paper, we evaluation NEM data storing and aggregating efficiency of Cassandra and ParStream/Kinetic databases and aim to find out whether the new kind of database technology can clearly bring performance advantages over legacy database technology and offers an alternative to existing solutions. Among the column family stores of NoSQL, Cassandra is especially a good choice for insert intensive applications due to its way to handle data insertions. ParStream is a novel and advanced NewSQL like database and is recently integrated into Cisco Kinetic. The results of the evaluation show that ParStream is much faster than Cassandra when storing and aggregating MNE data and the NewSQL is a very strong alternative to existing database solutions for insert intensive applications

Formal Definition of Traceability Graph

Data-centric workflows focus on how the data is transferred between processes and how it is logically stored. In addition to traditional workflow analysis, these can be applied to monitoring, tracing, and analyzing data in processes and their mutual relationships. In many applications, e.g. manufacturing, the tracing of products thorough entire lifecycle is becoming more and more important. In the present paper we define the traceability graph that involves a framework for data that adapts to different levels of precision of tracing. Advanced analyzing requires modeling of data in processes and methods for accumulating resources and emissions thorough the lifecycle of products. The traceability graph enables tracing and accumulation of resources, emissions and other information associated with products. The traceability graph is formally defined by set theory that is an established and exact specification method

A Concept-Oriented Data Modeling and Query Language Approach to Next Generation Information Systems

Seuraavan sukupolven tietojärjestelmissä (Next Generation Information systems; NGISs) tiedon dataorientoituneet, funktionaaliset ja deduktiiviset piirteet integroituvat toisiinsa. Dataorientoituneet piirteet määrittävät mitä tietoa tallennetaan ja kuinka tiedon rakenteelliset suhteet organisoidaan. Funktionaaliset piirteet liittyvät tallennetun tiedon laskennalliseen käsittelyyn. Deduktiiviset piirteet määrittävät uutta tietämystä tallennetusta tiedosta. Tutkimuksessa käsitellään näitä piirteitä ja niiden integrointia tiedon mallintamisen ja kyselykielten näkökulmasta. Yleistyssuhde (is-a relationship), osa-kokonaisuussuhde (part-of relationship) ja assosiaatio ovat kolme perussuhdetta sovellusalueen mallintamisessa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yllä mainittuja piirteitä näiden suhdetyyppien kannalta. Osa-kokonaisuussuhde on tutkimuksessa keskeisin suhdetyyppi. Tämän sovelluksena tarkastellaan fyysisiä kokoonpanoja. Rakenteellisten tietokantojen lisäksi usein on välttämätöntä käsitellä sovelluksiin liittyvää tekstimuotoista informaatiota. Siksi tutkimuksessa ehdotetaan, että tekstimuotoinen informaatio ja siihen liittyvä käsittely pitäisi sisällyttää NGIS-järjestelmiin. Tutkimuksessa tekstidokumentit käsitellään XML-muodossa. Tämä mahdollistaa tekstimuotoisen informaation hyödyntämisen spesifioitaessa funktionaalisia ja deduktiivisia primitiivejä. Tutkimuksessa annetaan sekä datakeskeinen että dokumenttikeskeinen näkökulma XML:ään. Datakeskeisessä näkökulmassa XML- elementtejä käsitellään kuten tietokantakyseissä kun taas dokumenttikeskeisessä näkökulmassa niitä käsitellään tiedonhaun menetelmin. Tutkimuksessa kehitetään RDOOM-menetelmä (Relational Object-Oriented Modeling) mallintamaan kaikkia keskeisiä piirteitä NGIS-järjestelmissä. RDOOM on käsiteorientoitunut mallintamismenetelmä, joka on suunnattu tarjoamaan sellaisia mallintamisprimitiivejä, joihin sovellusspesifejä käsitteitä ja rakenteita voidaan upottaa. Käyttäjän näkökulmasta kyselyn muodostaminen muistuttaa sovellusspesifisten käsitteiden ja rakenteiden kombinointia sekä ehtojen antamista niiden välillä. Konventinalisten ekstensionaalisen kyselyiden lisäksi tutkimuksessa käsitellään intensionaalisia kyselyjä, yhdistettyjä extensionaalis-intensionaalisia kyselyjä sekä XML-elementtien relevanssilajittelua.In Next Generation Information Systems (NGISs) data-oriented, behavioral and deductive aspects of data are integrated with each other. Data-oriented aspects determine what data are stored and how structural relationships among them are organized. Behavioral aspects are associated with calculations (functionalities) of stored data. Deductive aspects define derivation of new knowledge from the stored data. This study deals with these aspects and their integration from the modeling and related querying perspective of NGISs. The is-a relationship, the part-of relationship and the association are three fundamental relationships among data in the real world. Therefore, in this study different aspects of data are considered on the basis of these relationships. Special attention is paid to the development of an advanced modeling and manipulation approach to complex part-of relationships, called physical assemblies. In addition to data in the structured databases it is also often necessary to manipulate textual information in advanced applications. Therefore we propose that the textual information and its related manipulation should be included in NGISs. In this study we assume that textual documents are represented by XML. This affords the possibility of also utilizing the information in XML documents in the specification of the behavioral and deductive aspects of data. Further we offer both the data-centric and document-centric view of XML. In the data-centric view XML elements are manipulated as in database queries, whereas in the document-centric view they are manipulated as in information retrieval. In this study we develop and extend the RDOOM (Relational Object-Oriented Modeling) method for modeling all essential aspects in NGISs. RDOOM is a concept-oriented modeling method intended to offer such modeling primitives in which application-specific concepts and structures can be embedded. From the viewpoint of the user, query formulation based on our approach resembles a combination of applications-specific concepts and structures and specification of conditions among them. In addition to conventional extensional queries the study deals with intensional queries, extensional-intensional queries and relevance ranking of XML elements