Die Industrialisierung der Landwirtschaft : am Beispiel der Südsteiermark zwischen 1945 - 1970

Die Industrialisierung der Landwirtschaft am Beispiel der Südoststeiermark zwischen 1945 bis 1975Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den umfassenden Veränderungen in der Landwirtschaft innerhalb dreier Jahrzehnte. Der Fokus richtet sich dabei auf die politischen und institutionellen Interessensverbände, deren Tätigkeiten in den Bereichen des Bildungswesens, der Genossenschaftsgründungen und der Anpassung an die sich dynamisch - veränderte Marktsituation zum einen in der verstärkten Rationalisierung und zum anderen in der traditionellen Agrarpolitik gipfelten. Der in dieser Zeit eingeschlagenen Weg stellte sich dabei zuerst als zielführend heraus, verlor aber spätestens in den 1960er Jahren seine Berechtigung. Die steigende Produktivität ließ unabsetzbare Überschüsse entstehen, die einen erhöhten Subventionsaufwand veranschlagten. Die Eingliederung Österreichs in den Weltmarkt führte zum Ausscheiden der kleineren, unproduktiveren Betriebe. Die zuvor erwähnte Agrarkrise der 60er Jahre führte zu einigen Modifizierungen innerhalb der Agrarpolitik, ohne die grundsätzlichen Schwierigkeiten beheben zu können. Die neue Agrarstrukturpolitik sollte auch den ?rückständigeren? Regionen Chancen einräumen indem Agrarvertreter zur verstärkten Spezialisierung auf einen Haupterwerbszweig aufriefen und die gesellschaftlich relevante Funktion der Landwirtschaft zu betonen begannen. Der zur Spezialisierung notwendige erhöhte Kapitalbedarf mündete in einer großen Verschuldungswelle. Insbesondere ab den frühen 1970er Jahren entschieden sich Österreichs Agrarvertreter im Zuge des allgemeinen europäischen Diskurses zur verstärkten Förderung der Berg- und Nebenerwerbsbetriebe. Auch wenn nicht unmittelbar gewollt, so führte diese modifizierte Agrarpolitik in eine Situation, die auch noch 50 Jahre später allgegenwärtig ist.The Industrialization of the Farming at the Example of the South-eastern Part of Styria from 1945 to 1975 The work deals with the comprehensive changes in the farming within three decades. The focus concentrates on the political and institutional alliances, the activities in the areas of the education system. It focuses on the foundations of the co-operative societies and their customization to the dynamic - market situation. This on the one hand strengthened rationalization and on the other hand culminated in the traditional agricultural policy. First this one seemed to be successful, but however lost its right at the latest within the 1960s. The increasing productivity brought surpluses which needed an increased subsidy.The incorporation of Austria into the world market led to the retirement of the smaller, more unproductive farming-enterprises. Exactly the region of south-eastern Styria was dominated by such small agricultural enterprises. Therefore the analysis of this area is of great interest.The farm depression of the sixties - mentioned before - led within the agricultural policy to some modifications without being able to overcome the fundamental difficulties. Agrarian historians see the reversal in the loss of electors. The new agricultural structures policy also should grant the "more overdue" regions chances, by calling on a main profession agrarian for the amplified specialization and starting with socially relevant function of the farming to emphasize. The increased capital requirements necessary for the specialization led in a big indebtedness wave. Particularly as of the early 1970s years Austria's agrarian representatives made up their mind in the course of the general European discourse for the amplified promotion of the mountain- and side acquisition-farming enterprises. This modified agricultural policy led into a situation which is ubiquitous 50 years later, too. Even if, it isn?t wanted.vorgelegt von: Mark SteiningerAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersZsfassung in engl. SpracheGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2010(VLID)20727

The Bandwagon Effect in Digital Environments: An Experimental Study on Kickstarter.com

Online investment decision behavior in crowdfunding projects is characterized by a lack of information and a comparativ ely high risk. Although crowdfunding has achieved notable attention from the general public in the last years, the academic research on this fast-growing market remains rather limited until today. This paper investigates how users behave when making risky online investment decisions in crowdfunding. How are they influenced by information on the choices of earlier funders on a web-based platform? These questions are evaluated using an online experiment based on kickstarter.com. We show that crowdfunding supporters follow the signal of previous users, even when this is associated with a higher monetary commitment. Based on these findings, implications for crowdfunding project creators and platform operators are discussed

Numerical Analysis of HVAB and STAR Rotor Blades using HMB3

No abstract available

Using Remote Sensing to Inform Conservation Status Assessment: Estimates of Recent Deforestation Rates on New Britain and the Impacts upon Endemic Birds

Remote sensing is increasingly used by policy-makers and conservationists to identify conservation priorities and changes in land cover. This is particularly important in the biodiverse tropics, where there are often few field data. Conservation action is often directed towards areas containing globally threatened species, but there have been few attempts to improve assessments of species¿ extinction risk through remote sensing. Here, in a novel approach we use deforestation estimates, measured through satellite imagery, to assess the conservation status of an entire endemic avifauna, based on IUCN Red List criteria. The island of New Britain, east of New Guinea, is of very high global conservation importance, and home to 37 endemic or restricted-range bird species. Analysis suggests 12% of forest cover was lost between 1989 and 2000, including over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude, with substantial areas cleared for commercial oil palm plantations. Application of the IUCN Red List criteria to these new data on area of remaining forest and rates of deforestation indicates that many species are more threatened than previously realised, with the total number of threatened or near threatened species increasing from 12 to 21. Thus, this study highlights the urgency of establishing and effectively managing protected areas in suitable lowland forests of New Britain. More broadly, it demonstrates another potential of remote sensing to assist strategic conservation decisions.JRC.H.3-Global environement monitorin