A Social Dimension for Transatlantic Economic Relations

Transatlantic Economic Relations (TER) was neglected by politi¬cians for much of the twentieth century as international security issues took priority. Since the end of the Cold War, however, and as economic issues have come to prominence TER has assumed increasing importance and yet is largely overlooked in academic discussion. This report places TER in its historical context and demonstrates how the political agenda and institutional setup are both largely dysfunctional. Viewed through the prism of industrial relations and drawing on some real life examples from both sides of the Atlantic, it argues that the social dimension is a challenge central to the future development of the relationship and proposes institutional innovations which could also be replicated in other areas: for instance in support of environmental concerns. Presenting some guiding principles for transatlantic trade, this paper recommends the creation of a new secretariat to act as a permanent contact point and providing a variety of practical functions essential to making TER work

Interweaving Media

Five artists working in wood, glass, clay, metal and fiber collaborate with Pollack’s design team to create a new line of fabrics. Pollack, the NYC textile design firm founded by Mark Pollack 76 TX, embarked on a two-year project with Rachel Doriss 99 TX, to collaborate with five artists and designers working in different media. The goal? To create a line of newly released fabrics—called simply The Makers Collection. In the end, Pollack selected knit designer Liz Collins 91 TX/ MFA 99 TX in Brooklyn, ceramicist Nathan Craven MFA 08 CR in Roswell, NM, glass artist Katherine Gray MFA 91 GL in Los Angeles, furniture designer Matthias Pliessnig 03 FD in Providence and jewelry artist and former RISD faculty member Klaus Bürgel, who divides his time between New York City and Massachusetts. Each artist was chosen based on clear evidence of individual expertise in his or her preferred medium.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/risdxyz_fall2013/1001/thumbnail.jp

Managing U.S-EU Trade Relations through Mutual Recognition and Safe Harbor Agreements:"New" and "Global" Approaches to Transatlantic Economic Governance?

governance; regulation; regulations; regulatory competition; directives; implementation; WTO

The WTO, International Trade and Environmental Protection: European and American Perspectives

GATT; Uruguay round; WTO; trade policy; environmental policy; EFTA; environmental policy

The Court of Justice of the European Union in the Twenty-First Century

LiU har en tradition av att lärare framgångsrikt har sökt och även erhållit, resurser för pedagogiska utvecklingsprojekt på den tiden när sådana medel fördelades i konkurrens på nationell nivå av t.ex. Rådet för grundutbildning, NSHU etc. Sedan 2008, när NSHU lades ner, finns inget sådan nationellt organ utan varje lärosäte har i uppdrag att själva arbeta med sitt interna kvalitetsarbete när det gäller utbildning. Under 2010 utlyste CUL medel för att stimulera sådana utvecklingsprojekt vid LiU, och tio projekt beviljades medel. I denna rapport finns bidrag från Laura Alvarez et.al; Madelaine Johansson et.al och Gunnel Östlund som är resultat av denna satsning. Under samma tid utlystes pedagogiska utvecklingsmedel inom LiTH, och bidragen från Ingrid Andersson och Johan Hedbrant, Henrik Brandén, Johan Renner och Björn Oskarsson är resultat av denna satsning. Utöver dessa personer bidrar också ett antal lärare med arbeten som grundar sig på deras kunskaper och insikter från deltagande i högskolepedagogiska kurser, undervisning och arbete med studenter, t.ex. på biblioteket. Bidrag från Chun-Xia Du, Ann-Sofie Bergeling, Christina Brage et.al och Magnus Dahlstedt är exempel på detta. Bidragen är skrivna på både svenska och engelska och varje författare är ensam ansvarig för innehållet. Vid redigeringen av bidragen har en ambition varit att de skall kunna läsas av icke ämneskunniga personer, men ibland är det svårt att förklara det konkreta genomförandet av kurser utan att använda fackuttryck. Vad gäller sättet att skriva referenser så har riktlinjerna varit att detta skall göras konsekvent, utifrån ett givet system, inom respektive bidrag. Bidragen är organiserade i tre delar: Lärandeideal och utformning av lärmiljöer Betydelsen av hur utbildning och kurser designas – för lärande och undervisning Utveckling och förändring av läraktiviteter och lärares förhållningssät

The Evolution of Codification: A Principal-Agent Theory of the International Law Commission\u27s Influence

The International Law Commission has a mandate from the U.N. General Assembly to codify and progressively develop international law. For most of the ILC’s history, the lion’s share of its work took the form of draft articles adopted by the General Assembly as the basis for multilateral conventions. The ILC’s activities received their principal legal effect during this period through the United Nations treaty-making process, rather than directly on the basis of the ILC’s analysis of what customary international law does or should require. In recent decades, however, the ILC has turned to other outputs—such as principles, conclusions and draft articles that it does not recommend be turned into treaties. Significantly, the Commission often claims that these outputs reflect customary international law. In this chapter, we argue that increasing political gridlock in the General Assembly has led the Commission to modify the form of the work products it produces. We make three specific contributions to the literature. First, using principal-agent theory we argue that the ILC chooses the work product that maximizes its influence in shaping the evolution of custom. Our core claim is that, as gridlock has limited the General Assembly’s ability either to adopt treaties or decisively reject non-treaty outputs, the Commission has had both the incentive and the discretion to choose other outputs that do not require General Assembly approval. Second, we provide empirical support for this claim. Drawing upon a new data set that codes all ILC outputs since 1947, we show that the Commission began to favor non-treaty outputs beginning in the early 1990s. This followed a decade when ILC treaty recommendations were not adopted by the UNGA or, if adopted, did not garner sufficient ratifications for the treaties to enter into force. Third, we argue that the shift away from draft treaties increases the salience of the methodology that the ILC uses to prepare non-treaty outputs. Methodology functions as a de facto substitute for the political blessing that flows from the General Assembly’s adoption of draft treaty articles. Adherence to methodology increases the likelihood that a wider audience—government officials, international judges, national courts and non-state actors—will accept the ILC’s non-treaty work products as valid statements of custom. We thus expect the Commission to select a methodological approach that it expects will be supported by the audience(s) it hopes to persuade

Fortress Europe and its metaphors: immigration and the law. CES Working Paper, vol. 3, no.1, 1999

It is in that context that I would like to listen, obliquely, to two types of discourse that tend to ignore each other: first I want to listen to the legal discourse that manifests itself in this new immigration law, then I also want to listen to a simultaneous layer of discourse, a popular discourse made of images, metaphors, and quotable quotes that constitute a vast reservoir of seemingly spontaneous thoughts on immigrants and their presence in France. I would like to position myself at the intersection between those seemingly incompatible discourses. I would especially like to check to which extent the second type of discourse (those popular images that are so often devalued as a language) do not constitute a second type of law, a law that is sometimes even more rigid that the official one. So, instead of examining the official legal discourse as if it were a self-contained universe, a text that can be read as a finished product, I would like to concentrate on what happens before and after that drafting of the bill. I would like to focus on the ways in which such texts are written, prepared, argued (what happens upstream if you will), but also how the text is read and interpreted. Let’s see if a law on immigration is part of everyday life, if it finally turns into everyday life or if as I will suggest, it reflects what already exists in everyday life and in our culture