PROGENY PRODUCTION AND DURATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES, \u3ci\u3eCRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS\u3c/i\u3e (STEPHENS) (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), ON CRACKED AND WHOLE CORN

Progeny production and duration of development of rusty grain beetles, Crytptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), maintained at 43 and 75% RH were determined on whole and cracked corn. Number of progeny produced per female per day of oviposition ranged from 0 on whole corn maintained at 43% RH to 2.2 on coarsely cracked corn maintained at 75% RH. Duration of development ranged from 6.1 weeks on coarsely cracked corn maintained at 75% RH to 12.0 weeks on whole corn maintained at 43% RH. Progeny production was generally greatest and duration of development was generally shortest at 75% RH. Progeny production increased and duration of development decreased as particle size of cracked corn increased at 75% RH. Few progeny were produced on whole kernels

First records of two mealybug species in Brazil and new potential pests of papaya and coffee

Five mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) plant pest species: Dysmicoccus grassii (Leonardi), Ferrisia malvastra (McDaniel), Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell), Phenacoccus tucumanus Granara de Willink, and Pseudococcus elisae Borchsenius are recorded for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. These are the first records of D. grassii in Brazil, from papaya (Carica papaya, Caricaceae), and from coffee (Coffea canephora, Rubiaceae). Ferrisia malvastra is also newly recorded in Brazil, where it was found on Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae). Ferrisia virgata was collected from an unidentified weed and Phenacoccus tucumanus from Citrus sp. (Rutaceae). Plotococcus capixaba Kondo was found on pitanga (Eugenia cf. pitanga, Myrtaceae) and Pseudococcus elisae on Coffea canephora, which are new host records for these mealybugs

Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Twenty-seven species of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are newly recorded from Espírito Santo, Brazil, and information on the host plants and geographic distribution of the 31 species of Diaspididae that have been identified in the State is provided. New plant host records are reported for 11 of the diaspidid species studied and results are discussed with respect to development of agriculture in this and similar areas with objectives of modernization and diversification

PROGENY PRODUCTION AND DURATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF RUSTY GRAIN BEETLES, \u3ci\u3eCRYPTOLESTES FERRUGINEUS\u3c/i\u3e (STEPHENS) (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE), ON CRACKED AND WHOLE CORN

Progeny production and duration of development of rusty grain beetles, Crytptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), maintained at 43 and 75% RH were determined on whole and cracked corn. Number of progeny produced per female per day of oviposition ranged from 0 on whole corn maintained at 43% RH to 2.2 on coarsely cracked corn maintained at 75% RH. Duration of development ranged from 6.1 weeks on coarsely cracked corn maintained at 75% RH to 12.0 weeks on whole corn maintained at 43% RH. Progeny production was generally greatest and duration of development was generally shortest at 75% RH. Progeny production increased and duration of development decreased as particle size of cracked corn increased at 75% RH. Few progeny were produced on whole kernels

The invasive hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and its recent range expansion in Brazil

In South America the invasive hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been restricted to Caribbean South America until recently but in 2010 it was detected in Northern Brazil in Roraima, and this is the first report of this insect in a second Brazilian State, Espírito Santo, located approximately 3.400 km southeast of Roraima. Because M. hirsutus is a potential pest of many plant species and may become more widely established in South America, pheromone traps may be useful for detecting entry into new areas and monitoring this mealybug. Although M. hirsutus has been recorded on a diverse variety of plants, apparently few are favored hosts, and in most areas where it has become established natural enemies maintain populations of this mealybug below damaging levels, indicating that besides prevention of spread of this pest, efforts should be directed toward establishment, augmentation, and maintenance (conservation) of effective natural enemies of M. hirsutus in invaded areas for control of this invasive pest

Aphid vectors of Papaya ringspot virus and their weed hosts in orchards in the major papaya producing and exporting region of Brazil

Papaya ringspot, one of the most important diseases of papaya, is caused by Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P), which is transmitted by various aphid species. Objectives of this research were to identify the aphid species and their weed hosts of papaya orchards in the major papaya producing and exporting region of Brazil in northern Espírito Santo State. Aphids were collected from weed hosts, and with Möericke-type traps in papaya orchards of twenty farms in Linhares, Sooretama and Aracruz municipalities of Espírito Santo, Brazil. A total of forty aphid species were collected, of which 22 are new records in the State. Thirty-eight aphid species were identified from traps, including Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover, A. spiraecola Patch, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), known vectors of PRSV-P. Cryptomyzus Oestlund (Aphididae) is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Thirteen aphid species associated with 22 weed species of 14 families were collected. Aphis gossypii, which has been reported to be one of the most efficient vectors of PRSV-P, infested the greatest number of weed hosts. Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small, Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae), Commelina benghalensis L. (Commelinaceae), Lepidium virginicum L. (Brassicaceae) and Sida sp. (Malvaceae) were the most frequently infested weeds. Commelina benghalensis was infested by the greatest number of aphid species during this study. Integrated management of weed hosts of aphids to reduce aphid populations in papaya orchards may be useful for control of PRSV-P. Based on accurate knowledge of the aphid and weed species present in papaya orchards obtained in this study, integrated pest management efforts may be more efficiently directed toward eliminating the most frequently infested weed species that serve as hosts for aphid vectors of PRSV-P