12 research outputs found
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Fabricating Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Solid Freeform Fabrication Tools
Superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit a range of properties such as large contact angle, low contact
angle hysteresis and decreased hydrodynamic drag. These properties make superhydrophobic
surfaces of fundamental and commercial interest as they can enable a wide variety of
applications including microfluidic components, biomedical devices, and micro-batteries.
Superhydrophobic behavior is achieved through a combination of the hydrophobicity of the
polymer and the roughness of the surface. We have used a commercially available multi-jet
modeling rapid prototyping machine to fabricate 3D objects where the superhydrophobic surface
is monolithic with the part. This approach was used to fabricate non-planar components with
novel structures including helical conduits and porous meshes. In addition, we have developed a
robotic dispensing tool that enables greater freedom of material selection. Both approaches have
been used to fabricate arrays of surface features with diameters below 175 microns and with
aspect ratios greater than 8:1. The fabrication and wetting properties of surfaces made using
these two techniques will be discussed.Mechanical Engineerin
Singlet Oxygen Generation on Porous Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Effect of Gas Flow and Sensitizer Wetting on Trapping Efficiency
We describe physical-organic studies of singlet oxygen generation and transport into an aqueous solution supported on superhydrophobic surfaces on which siliconâphthalocyanine (Pc) particles are immobilized. Singlet oxygen (1O2) was trapped by a water-soluble anthracene compound and monitored in situ using a UVâvis spectrometer. When oxygen flows through the porous superhydrophobic surface, singlet oxygen generated in the plastron (i.e., the gas layer beneath the liquid) is transported into the solution within gas bubbles, thereby increasing the liquidâgas surface area over which singlet oxygen can be trapped. Higher photooxidation rates were achieved in flowing oxygen, as compared to when the gas in the plastron was static. Superhydrophobic surfaces were also synthesized so that the Pc particles were located in contact with, or isolated from, the aqueous solution to evaluate the relative effectiveness of singlet oxygen generated in solution and the gas phase, respectively; singlet oxygen generated on particles wetted by the solution was trapped more efficiently than singlet oxygen generated in the plastron, even in the presence of flowing oxygen gas. A mechanism is proposed that explains how Pc particle wetting, plastron gas composition and flow rate as well as gas saturation of the aqueous solution affect singlet oxygen trapping efficiency. These stable superhydrophobic surfaces, which can physically isolate the photosensitizer particles from the solution may be of practical importance for delivering singlet oxygen for water purification and medical devices
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Hepatic artery stenosis angioplasty and implantation of Wingspan neurovascular stent: A case report and discussion of stenting in tortuous vessels.
BACKGROUND:Hepatic artery stenosis is a complication of orthotopic liver transplant occurring in 3.1%-7.4% of patients that can result in graft failure and need for re-transplantation. Endovascular therapy with angioplasty and stenting has been used with a high degree of technical success and good clinical outcomes, but tortuous hepatic arteries present a unique challenge for intervention. Suitable stents for this application should be maneuverable and conformable while also exerting adequate radial force to maintain a patent lumen. CASE SUMMARY:Herein we report our experience with a neurovascular Wingspan stent system in a challenging case of recurrent hepatic artery stenosis and discuss the literature of stenting in tortuous transplant hepatic arteries. CONCLUSION:Wingspan neurovascular stent is self-expanding, has good conformability, and adequate radial resistance and as such it could be added to the armamentarium of interventionalists in the setting of a tortuous and stenotic transplant hepatic artery
Pointâofâcare magnetic resonance technology to measure liver fat: Phantom and firstâinâhuman pilot study
PurposeTo assess feasibility and accuracy of point-of-care (POC) NMR-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in phantoms and in a human pilot study in a POC setting.MethodsPOC NMR (LiverScope, Livivos, San Diego CA) PDFF measurements were obtained of certified phantoms with known PDFF values (0%-40%). In an institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective human study, a convenience sample of participants from an obesity clinic was enrolled (November 2020 to June 2021). The inclusion criteria required body mass index (BMI) = 27-40âkg/m2 and willingness to undergo POC NMR and MRI-PDFF measurements. Liver PDFF was measured by POC NMR and, within 35âdays after, by a confounder corrected CSE MRI PDFF acquisition and reconstruction method. The adverse events were documented and linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsPOC NMR-PDFF measurements agreed with known phantom PDFF values (R2 = 0.99). Fourteen participants were enrolled in the pilot human study. MRI-PDFF could not be obtained in 4 participants (claustrophobia reaction, n = 3, exceeded size of MR scanner bore, n = 1). POC NMR was unevaluable in 2 participants (insufficient signal penetration depth, n = 1, failure to comply with instructions, n = 1). Technical success was 11 of 13 (85%) for POC NMR PDFF. In 7 participants (4 female; 31-74âyears old; median BMI 35âkg/m2 ), MRI-PDFF (range, 2.8%-18.1%), and POC NMR-PDFF (range, 3%-25.2%), agreed with R2 = 0.94. POC NMR had no adverse events.ConclusionPOC NMR measures PDFF accurately in phantoms and, in a first-in-human pilot study, is feasible and accurate in adults with obesity. Further testing to determine precision and accuracy across larger and more diverse cohorts is needed
Superhydrophobic Photosensitizers. Mechanistic Studies of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> Generation in the Plastron and Solid/Liquid Droplet Interface
We
describe here a physical-organic study of the first triphasic
superhydrophobic sensitizer for photooxidations in water droplets.
Control of synthetic parameters enables the mechanistic study of âborderlineâ
two- and three-phase superhydrophobic sensitizer surfaces where <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> is generated in compartments that are wetted,
partially wetted, or remain dry in the plastron (i.e., air layer beneath
the droplet). The superhydrophobic surface is synthesized by partially
embedding silicon phthalocyanine (<i>Pc</i>) sensitizing
particles to specific locations on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) posts
printed in a square array (1 mm tall posts on 0.5 mm pitch). In the
presence of red light and oxygen, singlet oxygen is formed on the
superhydrophobic surface and reacts with 9,10-anthracene dipropionate
dianion (<b>1</b>) within a freestanding water droplet to produce
an endoperoxide in 54â72% yields. Control of the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> chemistry was achieved by the synthesis of superhydrophobic
surfaces enriched with <i>Pc</i> particles either at the
PDMS end-tips or at PDMS post bases. Much of the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> that reacts with anthracene <b>1</b> in the droplets
was generated by the sensitizer âwettedâ at the <i>Pc</i> particle/water droplet interface and gave the highest
endoperoxide yields. About 20% of the <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> can
be introduced into the droplet from the plastron. The results indicate
that the superhydrophobic sensitizer surface offers a unique system
to study <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> transfer routes where a balance
of gas and liquid contributions of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> is tunable
within the same superhydrophobic surface
Singlet Oxygen Generation on Porous Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Effect of Gas Flow and Sensitizer Wetting on Trapping Efficiency
We describe physical-organic studies
of singlet oxygen generation
and transport into an aqueous solution supported on superhydrophobic
surfaces on which siliconâphthalocyanine (Pc) particles are
immobilized. Singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) was trapped
by a water-soluble anthracene compound and monitored <i>in situ</i> using a UVâvis spectrometer. When oxygen flows through the
porous superhydrophobic surface, singlet oxygen generated in the plastron
(i.e., the gas layer beneath the liquid) is transported into the solution
within gas bubbles, thereby increasing the liquidâgas surface
area over which singlet oxygen can be trapped. Higher photooxidation
rates were achieved in flowing oxygen, as compared to when the gas
in the plastron was static. Superhydrophobic surfaces were also synthesized
so that the Pc particles were located in contact with, or isolated
from, the aqueous solution to evaluate the relative effectiveness
of singlet oxygen generated in solution and the gas phase, respectively;
singlet oxygen generated on particles wetted by the solution was trapped
more efficiently than singlet oxygen generated in the plastron, even
in the presence of flowing oxygen gas. A mechanism is proposed that
explains how Pc particle wetting, plastron gas composition and flow
rate as well as gas saturation of the aqueous solution affect singlet
oxygen trapping efficiency. These stable superhydrophobic surfaces,
which can physically isolate the photosensitizer particles from the
solution may be of practical importance for delivering singlet oxygen
for water purification and medical devices