A Correlation between Workplace Stress and Organizational Commitment: Doctors response from Public and Private Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan

The study inspects the correlation between occupational stress and organizational commitment among doctors working in public and private sectors of Karachi. The self-constructive survey questionnaire is circulated through convenience sampling techniques and gathered 1039 responses (public hospital=549 and private hospitals=490). A five-point likert scale measured response ranges from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) while 10-item scale was used to evaluate occupational stress. Additionally, dimensions of organizational commitment; affective, normative and continuance commitment were evaluated on a scale containing 6-items. The data was analyzed through SPSS 23. As interpreted from results, there is a weak positive linear relationship between AC and personal factor and organizational factor. Likewise, NC shares a weak positive linear relationship with personal resources and organizational factor. Similarly, CC has a weak positive linear relationship with personal factor and personal resources. However, AC has a strong negative relationship with personal resources while NC also has a strong negative relationship with personal factor. In a similar manner, CC has a weak negative linear relationship with organizational factor. Moreover, level of stress and commitment among doctors working in public hospitals is relatively low in contrast to private hospitals. In addition, males are under more stress. However, AC and NC are relatively high in females while CC is more in males

A Correlation between Workplace Stress and Organizational Commitment: Doctors response from Public and Private Hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan

The study inspects the correlation between occupational stress and organizational commitment among doctors working in public and private sectors of Karachi. The self-constructive survey questionnaire is circulated through convenience sampling techniques and gathered 1039 responses (public hospital=549 and private hospitals=490). A five-point likert scale measured response ranges from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) while 10-item scale was used to evaluate occupational stress. Additionally, dimensions of organizational commitment; affective, normative and continuance commitment were evaluated on a scale containing 6-items. The data was analyzed through SPSS 23. As interpreted from results, there is a weak positive linear relationship between AC and personal factor and organizational factor. Likewise, NC shares a weak positive linear relationship with personal resources and organizational factor. Similarly, CC has a weak positive linear relationship with personal factor and personal resources. However, AC has a strong negative relationship with personal resources while NC also has a strong negative relationship with personal factor. In a similar manner, CC has a weak negative linear relationship with organizational factor. Moreover, level of stress and commitment among doctors working in public hospitals is relatively low in contrast to private hospitals. In addition, males are under more stress. However, AC and NC are relatively high in females while CC is more in males

Impact of Organizational Culture on the Pakistani Hotels Workforce's Job Satisfaction: Qualitative Report

The influence of organizational culture on the level of job satisfaction depends on the ability to cope up with the stress and working environment. This investigation tackle the purpose of Denison’s prototypical for searching the organizational culture and Spector JGS assessment to inspect workforce job gratification in the course of 5 points Likert Scale. The investigation studied 220 hotel employees from middle range 3 star hotels in Pakistan. For interpretation, researchers chiefly used MS Excel for classifying, coding, and fractionizing raw facts into processed meaningful themes. Current investigation demonstrates that employee’s job satisfaction chiefly dependent on organizational culture. The study undertakes in the direction of achieving organizational goals by initiating fortify strategies towards building the strength to obtain the objective. Moreover if organizations built a strong environment of learning as a part of their culture than it boosts the commitment level of employees. Further, it also helps employees to unfolding their career achievements. On the other hand, it is observed that females are occupied with higher level of job satisfaction while males have lower. Although, high level of job satisfaction exists but its more evident by this research that premiums, bonuses, and other types of incentives aid employees to lead from low level of job satisfaction to reach on their higher apex level of job satisfaction

Measuring Organizational Commitment and Occupational Stress of Pakistani Doctors: Comparing Lahore and Karachi Public Hospitals in Gender Perspective

The purpose of the study is to investigate the disparity in cause and consequences of stress among male and female genders in private hospitals. The self-constructed stress model is used to evaluate the pertinent effect of stressors on organizational commitment. 219 respondents took part in the study from which 114 participants were from Lahore and 105 from Karachi through convince sampling technique. Semi-constructed survey based online matrix is used to achieve quantitative aspect. According to results evaluated causes of stress among male and female varies. In addition, females are under less stress than males at operational level. Moreover, due to social support programmes, employees working in Lahore hospitals are under less stress in comparison to Karachi hospitals. As indicated in the results interpreted, causes of stress varies among 2 contrasting gender. Females are under more stress due to personal factor whereas in male organizational and environmental factor is a chief cause for stress. Organizational commitment for females is affected by family problems and personality clashes while in males it is Job demand, leadership, and economic uncertainty that is affecting organizational commitment. In male and female workforce, consequence of stress doesn’t vary. Nevertheless, to overcome stress, females utilize personal resources in a very effective fashion and display behavioral symptoms while men displays cognitive behavior. Normative commitment is more prevalent among males as compare to opposing gender whereas in females affective commitment and continuance commitment is high. In addition, Lahore workforces are under low stress than the Karachi workforce

Measuring Organizational Commitment and Occupational Stress of Pakistani Doctors: Comparing Lahore and Karachi Public Hospitals in Gender Perspective

The purpose of the study is to investigate the disparity in cause and consequences of stress among male and female genders in private hospitals. The self-constructed stress model is used to evaluate the pertinent effect of stressors on organizational commitment. 219 respondents took part in the study from which 114 participants were from Lahore and 105 from Karachi through convince sampling technique. Semi-constructed survey based online matrix is used to achieve quantitative aspect. According to results evaluated causes of stress among male and female varies. In addition, females are under less stress than males at operational level. Moreover, due to social support programmes, employees working in Lahore hospitals are under less stress in comparison to Karachi hospitals. As indicated in the results interpreted, causes of stress varies among 2 contrasting gender. Females are under more stress due to personal factor whereas in male organizational and environmental factor is a chief cause for stress. Organizational commitment for females is affected by family problems and personality clashes while in males it is Job demand, leadership, and economic uncertainty that is affecting organizational commitment. In male and female workforce, consequence of stress doesn’t vary. Nevertheless, to overcome stress, females utilize personal resources in a very effective fashion and display behavioral symptoms while men displays cognitive behavior. Normative commitment is more prevalent among males as compare to opposing gender whereas in females affective commitment and continuance commitment is high. In addition, Lahore workforces are under low stress than the Karachi workforce

Impact of Urbanization on River Ecology – A GIS Technologies Perspective

Malir River which is the major seasonal river of Karachi once supported the market gardening practiced in Karachi. Its valleys and plains, once comprises the cultivated lands of vegetables and fruits that fulfilled the local market demand. But with a shift in rainfall characteristics, the cultivation also started to recede slowly as many of the crops could not withstand the prolonged drought conditions and farmers were not ready to take the risks and hence abandoned cultivation. Hence, changing climate gives way to the industrialization of rapidly growing urban center which in turn inducing desertification. Since the cultivated land which is supplied with water also is helpful in evapo-transpiration leading to precipitation by taking part in the water cycle. But the whole process was disrupted by the abolition of agricultural activity in the area. The study gives a GIS (Geographical Information Sciences) perspective of Land Use/Land Cover of the southern part of Malir plain near its mouth – the Korangi and Landhi Area which were also the active flood plains of Malir during 1960s. Since the huge urbanization and population growth has led to water scarcity in the area due to the reduction of underground aquifers and the reduction of agriculture, high research efficiency can be achieved using satellite imagery and GIS

Assessment of Social Media Addiction and Its Link to Psychological Distress: A Comparative Study On Undergraduate Students

ABSTRACT Background and objective: Addiction to social networking sites (SNSs) is their unhealthy use that interferes with daily functionality and results in unwanted outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence and intensity as well as the impact of SNSs addiction on the daily routine among young undergraduate students. In addition, it evaluates the relationship between psychological suffering and SNSs addiction. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of Karachi, Pakistan from January to June 2022. Data was collected using non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was used, compiled from two validated questionnaires, Young’s internet addiction (YIA) test and Depression-Anxiety-Stress scale (DASS 21). The SPSS software version 25.0 was used to analyze the collected data. In the 95% confidence interval, statistical analysis was set at a p-value of 0.05 as the threshold for statistical significance. Results: Total 40.7% undergraduate students were found to have no internet addiction, followed by 34.3% mildly, 21.0% moderately and only 4% students severely addicted. Around 28% young undergraduate students were suffering from extremely severe depression (DASS score 28+) followed by 24.0% with moderate (DASS score 14-20), 14.0 % with severe (DASS score 21-27) and 13.7 % with mild depression (DASS score 10-13), while 20.3 % were found not depressed (DASS score 0-9). Mean age of 21 years was found to be consistent for having internet addiction and depression both. Cross study of internet addiction shows highly suggestive behavior with depression (p \u3c 0.01). Conclusion: Social networking sites addiction is found to be a major contributing factor for depression in young undergraduate students. Out of all the aspects of life, education is found to be the most severely affected domain of life among students with SNS addiction

Land-Use/Land Cover Analysis Through Object Based Technique: A Case Study of Shahrah-e-Faisal

Karachi is the major financial hub of Pakistan. The urban sprawl generates many sub financial hubs as well e.g. Saddar which is consider as CBD of metropolitan, specifically area along I.I. Chundrigar road is almost have offices and business set-up. The similar pattern has been emerged in many other places e.g. Shahrah-e-Faisal and Tariq road. Along all three major roads mixed-used development particularly commercialization has taken place prominently and these sectors emerged as main business Centre. The present study was aimed to assess the Land-Use/Land Cover (LU/LC), green cover and air quality index analysis through object based analysis on very high-resolution satellite imagery at Shahrah-e-Faisal. The obtained results showed that the combine three activities such as Shopping, Business and Trade (SBT), Social, Institutional and Infrastructure related activities (SII), and travel or movement (ToM) were occupied on 51.34% of land. The residential activities also make an attractive volume of proportion was up to 47.11%. Therefore, it can be the perfect example of smart growth if introduction greenways initiate more effectively along with some attraction spots for Leisure

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Forensic analysis of raw meat adulteration using mtDNA

Meat species identification has become essential with the increasing events of frauds like the illegal slaughter of cows, meat adulteration, and substitution. Food scam directly influences public well-being, trade, and wildlife. In Pakistan, donkey meat is used as adulterants for cow meat and is considered Haram in Islamic concepts. In this study PCR, based detection methods are used for identification purposes. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome b has been used in this study to identify the origin of meat specie. Specie-specific primers of cyt b of cow and donkey were used for identification. DNA from different binary ratios of cow and donkey meat was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method. Ratios were made from 1-10 and extracted DNA was subjected to PCR to amplify the target fragment of the cyt b gene. Primers were sensitive to identifying species origin in all meat ratios. Multiplex PCR was designed to identify both species and the results were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Fragment size of 309bp for cow and 475bp for donkey was observed.Results of the current study conclude that PCR assays, including multiplex PCR, is efficient and has a high sensitivity for even small amount of meat. It is concluded that multiplex PCR is useful and reliable for adulterated meat detection